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| A heightened standard of review used by the SC to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice. |
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| Provisions of the Educational Amendments of 1972 that bars educational institutions receiving federal funds from discriminating against female students. |
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| The drive for voting rights for women that took place in the US from 1890 to 1920 |
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| Category or class, such as race, that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the SC |
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| SC case that challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites. The court found that separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. |
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| A tax levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could case a ballot |
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| One of the three Civil War Amendments; specifically bans slavery in the US |
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| The government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals. |
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| Racial discrimination that results from practice (such as housing patterns or other social or institutional, non-governmental factors) rather than the law. |
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| Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War |
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| Name attached to 5 cases brought under the Civil Rights Act of 1875. in 1883, the SC decided that discrimination in a variety of public accommodations, including theaters, hotels, and railroads, could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private discrimination and not state discrimination. |
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| Racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official policy |
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| Wide-ranging legislation passed by Congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment, education, and voting; created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
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| Policies designed to give special or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group. |
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| Brown V. Board of Education 1954 |
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| US SC decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the 14th amendment's guarantee of equal protection |
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| 1963 act that requires employers to pay men and women equal pay for equal work. |
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| Proposed amendment to the Constitution that states "Equality of rights under the law shall now be denied or abridged by the US or any state on account of sex." |
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| Section of he 14th Amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive "equal protection of the laws." |
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| One of the 3 Civil War Amendments; guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S. citizens. |
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| Amendment to the Constitution that guaranteed women the right to vote. |
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| Voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those whose grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test. |
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| Laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations |
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| One of the three Civil War Amendments; Specifically enfranchised newly freed male slaves. |
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