Term
|
Definition
| Things that cannot be broken down into anything else |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thing produced when elements combine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest particle of an element made up of protons, neutrons and electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positively charged particles in the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
particles with no charge in the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negatively charged particles found in the "shells" on the outside of an atom. They have very little mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The area outside of the nucleus of an atom where the electrons might be found at any time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an atom that has a different number of neutrons. Ex. Carbon 12 is natural, Carbon 14 is an isotope. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When isotopes break down and give off energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atomic bonds that share electrons. Most bonds in living things are these. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one atoms takes the electron(s) from the other. Ex. Sodium Chloride P. 151 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attraction between hydrogen atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theory where a mass explosion created Hydrogen and Helium |
|
|
Term
| Celestial Nucleosynthesis |
|
Definition
| stars formed using nuclear fusinon to change Hydrogen to Helium and as they go through their life cycle they generate the heavier elements. At the end of their lives, they become a super nova and these sythesized elements are scattered throughout the universe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds interacting with each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of a solution that does the dissolving usually water in nature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The material that is dissolved. Sugar in water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
where a solute is dissolved in a solvent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where two things that will not combine are mixed together like sand and sugar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solution that produces a low number under 7 on the Ph scale that has a lot of Hydrogen ions in it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solution that contains a lot of hydroxide (OH) ions in it and produces a higher number over seven on the Ph scale. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a base that produces a number higher than 7 on the Ph scale. P. 154 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| H2O that has a high specific heat and expands on freezing. It's polar molecules are and excellent solvent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molecules will naturally move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion in living systems is water and food moving into and out of cells and oxygen moving into blood capillaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The chemistry of living things. All living things have carbon in them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The element considered the buiding block of life since it has 4 covalent bonds and forms all organic compounds - single, double and triple bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long chains of molecules usually having carbon in them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of carbon compounds that living things use as an energy source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the simplest carbonhydrate that is the actual fuel that cells use. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long chains of glucose. The storage method of plants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long chains of glucose that are cross linked and rigid. It forms the structure of plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long chains of sugar units |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commonly called fats and oils. They are insoluble in water becasue they are non-polar. They are produced by cells to store energy, insulate and protect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long chains of hydrocarbons connected to a glycerol molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vegetable oils that have carbons that can bond with more hydrogen atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animal fats that have no more carbon atoms to bond. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liquid vegetable oils that have changed to solids by hydrogenation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 20 common molecules that hydrogen bond together to form proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of amino acids that are used as the building blocks of living things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the cell. Their names end in -ase |
|
|
