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| variations of an ethnic language along regional or ethnic lines: vocabulary |
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| language most commonly used for educated population |
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| two people are able to understand eachother while speaking: disregarded- impossible to measure |
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| dialects nearest to eachother will be the most similar |
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| within one language are shared but have a fairly distant orgin |
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| same as language families but the orgin is more recent |
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| a slight change in a word across languages within a sub family |
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| the ancestor of the ido-european family |
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| process that checks sound shifts and the hardning of constanants |
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| language that has no native speakers |
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| a process in which the original language is recreated |
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| pro-indo-europeans ancient ancestor |
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| a process where there is a lack of spatial interaction between speakers leads to the breakup of the language into dialects which become descreet languages |
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| two languages collapsing into one |
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| idea that p.i.e. speakers started spreading west on horse back overpowering earlier inhabitants |
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| the idea that p.i.e diffused west with the diffusion of agriculture |
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| states that p.i.e. spread east first then to the caspian sea then to the russian-ukrainian plians and then to the balkans |
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| line areas that were once controlled by the roman empire ex: french, spanish, italian, romanian and portugese |
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| reflect the expansion of people from N. europe to the W and S ex: english, german, danish, norwegian, and swedish |
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| developedn as people migrated from present day ukraine about 2,000 years ago ex: russian, polish, czech, slovack, ukrainian, slovanian, serbo-croatian, bulgarian |
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| language used among speakers of different languages for trading and commerce |
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| when people of two or more languages combine parts of their languages in a simplified structure or form |
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| a pigdin lang. that has developed a more complex structure and gained native speakers |
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| countries in which only one lang. is spoken ex of nearly ms: japan, urugya, venezula, iceland, denmark, portugal, poland, lithoso |
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| countries in which multiple lang. are used |
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| the lang. of the government |
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| principle lang. that people use around the world in their day to day activities |
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| what two lang. are spoken in belgium? |
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| flemish (north) and french (south-walloon) |
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| what two states in teh US are officially bilingual? |
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| New Mexico (spanish and english) Hawaii (hawaiian and english) |
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| how many people in the world speak and indo-european lang? |
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| give three examples of celtic lang |
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| irish, scottish, and welsh |
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| give three examples of a iranian lang |
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| give three examples of indic lang |
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| true or false: quebec is almost 100% french speaking |
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