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(p. 159) The legal term, as found in the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, that generally refers to the searching for and the confiscating of evidence by law enforcement agencies |
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(p. 159) Reasonable grounds to believe the existence of facts warranting certain actions such as the search or arrest of a person. |
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(p. 161) A rule under which any evidence that is obtained in violation of the accused individual’s rights under the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments, as well as any evidence derived from illegally obtained evidence, will not be admissible in criminal court. |
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fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine |
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(p. 161) Evidence that is acquired through the use of illegally obtained evidence is therefore inadmissible in court. |
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“inevitable discovery” exception |
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(p. 161) The legal principle that illegally obtained evidence can be admitted in court if police using lawful means would have “inevitably” discovered it. |
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(p. 162) The legal principle, established through court decisions, that evidence obtained with the use of a technically faulty search warrant is admissible at trial if the police acted in good faith when they sought the warrant |
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(p. 164) The practice of targeting people for police stops based solely on their race, ethnicity, or national origin |
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(p. 164) A brief detention of a person by law enforcement agents for questioning. |
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A pat-down or minimal search by police to discover weapons |
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| (p. 165) To take into custody a person suspected of criminal activity. |
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| (p. 166) A written order, based on probable cause and issued by a judge or magistrate, commanding that the person named on the warrant be arrested by the police |
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| (p. 167) Situations that require police officers to take extralegal or exceptional actions. |
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| (p. 167) An arrest made without a warrant |
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| (p. 168) The process by which police examine a person or property to find evidence that will be used to prove guilt in a criminal trial |
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| (p. 169) A written order commanding that police officers or criminal investigators search a specific person, place, or property to obtain evidence |
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| (p. 169) A written statement of facts, confirmed by the oath or affirmation of the party making it. |
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| (p. 171) The forcible taking of a person or property in response to a violation of the law. |
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| searches incident to arrests |
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Definition
| (p. 172) Searches, for weapons and evidence, of persons who have just been arrested. |
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| (p. 173) Searches by police that are made after the subject of the search has agreed to the action |
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| (p. 174) The legal principle that objects in plain view of a law enforcement agent who has the right to be in a position to have that view may be seized without a warrant and introduced as evidence. |
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| (p. 175) The use of electronic equipment by law enforcement agents to record private conversations or observe conduct that is meant to be private. |
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| (p. 178) The direct questioning of a suspect to gather evidence of criminal activity and try to gain a confession |
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| (p. 178) The constitutional rights of accused persons taken into custody by law enforcement to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning |
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| (p. 178) The forceful detention of a person or the person’s perception that he or she is not free to leave the immediate vicinity. |
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| (p. 178) The questioning of a suspect who has been taken into custody. |
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