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Chapter 6 & 7
Radiology Flashcards
20
Health Care
Undergraduate 2
02/28/2021

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Term
Cell Division
Definition
The multiplication process whereby one cell divides to form two or more cells.
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Tiny, rod-shaped bodies that under a microscope appear to be long, threadlike structures that become visible only in dividing cells.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Definition
A vast, irregular network of tubules and vesicles spreading and interconnecting in all directions throughout the cytoplasm.
Term
Human Genome
Definition
The total amount of genetic material (DNA) contained within the chromosomes of a human being.
Term
Interphase
Definition
A period of cell growth that occurs before actual mitosis.
Term
Meiosis
Definition
A special type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell to half the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
Very large, complex macromolecules, comprises approximately 1% of the cell.
Term
Lipids
Definition
Substances such as fats, fatty acids, oil, or wax that dissolve in alcohol but not in water.
Term
Carbohydrates or saccharides
Definition
Make up approximately 1% of cell content. They include starches and various sugars. Carbohydrates range from simple to complex compounds, even though they are composed of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Simple sugars such as glucose, fructose, and galactose have six carbon atoms and six molecules of water.
Term
Protoplasm
Definition
The chemical building material for all living things. Cells are made of protoplasm.
Term
Apoptosis (interphase death)
Definition
Programmed cell death.
Term
Free radicals
Definition
when low-LET radiation interacts with biologic tissue, it causes damage to a cell primarily through an indirect action that involves the production of molecules
Term
linear energy transfer (LET)
Definition
The average energy deposited per unit length of track.
Term
mutation
Definition
the loss or change of a base in the DNA chain
Term
oxygen enhancement ratio (OER)
Definition
the ratio of the radiation dose required to cause a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in an oxygen-deprived environment to the radiation dose required to cause an identical response under normal oxygenated conditions.
Term
point lesion
Definition
the energy transferred could rupture one of its chemical bonds and possibly sever one of the sugar–phosphate chain side rails, or strands, of the ladder-like molecular structure (single-strand break)
Term
wave-particle duality
Definition
fundamental property of matter where, at one moment it appears like a wave, and yet at another moment it acts like a particle
Term
target theory
Definition
concept of radiation damage resulting from discrete and random events
Term
relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)
Definition
the relative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a particular biologic reaction
Term
cell survival curve
Definition
A classic method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation
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