Term
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Definition
| The multiplication process whereby one cell divides to form two or more cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tiny, rod-shaped bodies that under a microscope appear to be long, threadlike structures that become visible only in dividing cells. |
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Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| A vast, irregular network of tubules and vesicles spreading and interconnecting in all directions throughout the cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| The total amount of genetic material (DNA) contained within the chromosomes of a human being. |
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Term
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Definition
| A period of cell growth that occurs before actual mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A special type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell to half the number of chromosomes in the parent cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very large, complex macromolecules, comprises approximately 1% of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances such as fats, fatty acids, oil, or wax that dissolve in alcohol but not in water. |
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Term
| Carbohydrates or saccharides |
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Definition
| Make up approximately 1% of cell content. They include starches and various sugars. Carbohydrates range from simple to complex compounds, even though they are composed of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Simple sugars such as glucose, fructose, and galactose have six carbon atoms and six molecules of water. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical building material for all living things. Cells are made of protoplasm. |
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Term
| Apoptosis (interphase death) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when low-LET radiation interacts with biologic tissue, it causes damage to a cell primarily through an indirect action that involves the production of molecules |
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Term
| linear energy transfer (LET) |
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Definition
| The average energy deposited per unit length of track. |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss or change of a base in the DNA chain |
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Term
| oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) |
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Definition
| the ratio of the radiation dose required to cause a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in an oxygen-deprived environment to the radiation dose required to cause an identical response under normal oxygenated conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy transferred could rupture one of its chemical bonds and possibly sever one of the sugar–phosphate chain side rails, or strands, of the ladder-like molecular structure (single-strand break) |
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Term
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Definition
| fundamental property of matter where, at one moment it appears like a wave, and yet at another moment it acts like a particle |
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Term
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Definition
| concept of radiation damage resulting from discrete and random events |
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Term
| relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) |
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Definition
| the relative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a particular biologic reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| A classic method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation |
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