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chapter 6
neutralizing the threat of acid rain
16
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
04/27/2010

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Term
acid
Definition
a compound that releases hydrogen ions, H+, in aqueous solution
(See page(s) 240)
Term
base
Definition
compound that produces hydroxide ions, OH_, in aqueous solution
(See page(s) 242)
Term
neutralization
Definition
chemical reaction in which the hydrogen ions from an acid combine with the hydroxide ions from a base to form molecules of water
(See page(s) 243)
Term
neutral solution
Definition
a solution that is neither acidic nor basic; that is, one that has equal concentrations of H+ and OH-
(See page(s) 244)
Term
pH
Definition
a number, usually between 0 and 14, that indicates the acidity of a solution
(See page(s) 245)
Term
acid rain
Definition
rain that is more acidic than "normal" rain and that has a lower pH
(See page(s) 245)
Term
acid deposition
Definition
deposition of either wet forms or dry forms such as rain, snow, fog, and cloud-like suspensions of microscopic water droplets often more acidic and damaging than acid rain
(See page(s) 246)
Term
acid anhydride
Definition
literally "an acid without water"
(See page(s) 250)
Term
galvanized iron
Definition
iron coated with zinc
(See page(s) 260)
Term
hygroscopic
Definition
describes a substance that readily absorbs water from the atmosphere and retains it
(See page(s) 262)
Term
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Definition
bacteria that remove nitrogen from the air and convert it to ammonia
(See page(s) 266)
Term
nitrification
Definition
process of converting ammonia, typically in soil, to nitrate ions
(See page(s) 266)
Term
denitrification
Definition
process of converting nitrate ions, typically in soil, to nitrogen gas
(See page(s) 266)
Term
nitrogen cycle
Definition
set of chemical pathways whereby nitrogen moves through the biosphere
(See page(s) 267)
Term
acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC)
Definition
capacity of a lake or other body of water to resist a decrease in pH
(See page(s) 269)
Term
nitrogen saturation
Definition
process by which an area is overloaded with "nitrogen"; that is, when the reactive forms of nitrogen entering an ecosystem exceed the system's capacity to absorb the nitrogen
(See page(s) 270)
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