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Chapter 6
Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
27
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/12/2014

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Term
A meshwork of supporting bundles of fiber found in spongy bone.
Definition
Trabeculae
Term
The basic functional unit in compact bone.
Definition
Osteon or Haversian SYSTEM
Term
In an osteon, the osteocytes are arranged in concentric layers around a...
Definition
Central canal or Haversian canal
Term
Central canals run (parallel/perpendicular) to the surface of the bone.
Definition
Parallel
Term
Perforating Canals extend (parallel/perpendicular) to the surface of the bone.
Definition
Perpendicular
Term
Creates a target like pattern, with the central canal as the bull's-eye.
Definition
Concentric Lamellae
Term
Fill in the spaces between osteons in compact bone. These lamellae are remnants of osteons whose matrix components have been almost completely recycled by osteoclasts.
Definition
Interstitial Lamellae
Term
Lamellae found at the outer and inner surfaces of the bone, where they are covered by the periosteum and endosteum.
Definition
Circumferential Lamellae
Term
Help attach tendon to bone
Definition
Perforating Fibers
Term
The space between trabeculae contains...
Definition
Bone Marrow
Term
Lines the Medullary cavity in a long bone.
Definition
Endosteum
Term
Which three types of bone cells are found in the cellular layer of the periosteum?
Definition
Blasts, Clasts, and Progenitor
Term
What are three functions of the periosteum?
Definition
Isolates bone, route for circulatory and nervous supply, and participates in bone growth and repair.
Term
Epiphyseal _____ is replaced by epiphyseal ____ during bone growth.
Definition
Plate (cartilage), Line (bone)
Term
Intramembranous ossification is formed from...
Definition
Mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue.
Term
Areas of fibrous connective tissue that cover unfused sutures in the infant skull
Definition
Fontanelles
Term
Compact bone thickens and strengthens long bone with layers of circumferential lamellae.
Definition
Appositional growth
Term
Human Growth hormone (gland?) and Thyroxine (gland?) Stimulate _____ growth.
Definition
Pituitary, Thyroid, Bone
Term
Estrogen (gland?) and Testosterone (gland?) stimulate __________ activity.
Definition
Ovaries, Testes, Osteoblast
Term
Over secretion prior to growth plate closure causes...
Definition
Gigantism
Term
Accelerated closure of the epiphyseal growth plate could be caused by...
Definition
elevated sex hormone levels.
Term
___________ is required for collagen synthesis, and stimulation of osteoblast differentiation.
Definition
Vitamin C
Term
___________ stimulates osteoblast activity
Definition
Vitamin A
Term
Vitamins ___ and ____ help synthesize bone proteins.
Definition
K and B12
Term
Cacitriol is produced by ________ and promotes calcium and phosphate ion absorption along the digestive tract.
Definition
the kidneys
Term
____________ is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates osteoblast activity and the synthesis of bone matrix.
Definition
Growth hormone
Term
PTH is produced by the PTH glands and stimulates __________ (and osteoblast) activity. Elevates calcium ion concentrations in body fluids.
Definition
osteoclast
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