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| rights or immunities granted to people as a particular benefit or favor simply because they are white |
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| a sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed |
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| unreliable generalization about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group |
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| used to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences |
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| group set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns |
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| an emphasis on such concerns as ethnic food or political issues rather than on deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage |
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| a Marxist thoery that views racial subordination in the United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism |
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any arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather then a person's behavior
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| interracial contact between people of equal status who are engaged in a cooperative task will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes |
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| a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial group |
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| the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others |
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| the belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior |
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| a criminal offense committed because of the offender's bias against a race, religion, ethnic group national origin, or sexual orientation |
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| the use of the principle of race neutrality to defend a racially unequal status quo |
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| the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on some type of arbitrary bias |
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| an invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity |
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| Institutional discrimination |
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| the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society |
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| positive efforts to recruit members or subordinate groups or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities |
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| Functionalists point out that to the dominant groups in a society, discrimination against subordinate groups may seem to be ________. But for society as a whole, discrimination can be _________. |
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