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| the transfer and transformation of high-energy organic molecules |
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| feeding levels based on their source of food |
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| The feeding interactions among species in a community are best described as this. |
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| Feeding relationships among organisms are often depicted as simplified food webs called this |
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| transform energy from sunlight or certain inorganic chemicals into high-energy carbohydrates. |
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| The second trophic level is composed of herbivores, such as grazing mammals and insects; animals that feed on primary producers are also called this. |
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| organisms that feed on nonliving organic matter |
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| Organisms at each trophic level transform what they eat into this, the food that can be consumed by higher trophic levels. |
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| The fraction of energy that the organisms in one trophic level make available to the next trophic level is called this. |
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| Keystone species, so named in reference to the wedge-shaped keystone that holds an arched structure together, play a particularly important role regarding the abundance of other species. Not surprisingly, plant species that account for a significant portion of total primary production are often keystone species. |
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Definition
| in which the populations of herbivores increase, resulting in the overconsumption of primary producers. |
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