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Chapter 6
Vocabulary
27
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
09/22/2009

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Term
Alienation
Definition
A condition of estrangement or dissociation from the surrounding society
Term
Bureaucracy
Definition
A component of formal oganization that uses rules and heirarchical ranking to achieve efficiency.
Term
Bureaucrazation
Definition
The process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes incresingly bureauratic.
Term
Classical Theory
Definition
An approach to the study of formal organizations that views workers as being motivated almost entirely economic rewards.
Term
Coalation
Definition
Temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal.
Term
Dyad
Definition
Two-member group
Term
Formal organization
Definition
Group designed for a special purpose and structured for maximum efficiency.
Term
Goal displacement
Definition
Overzealous comformity to official regulations of a bureaucracy
Term
Group
Definition
Any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis
Term
Groupthink
Definition
Uncritical acceptance of or comformity to the prevailing point
Term
Human relations approach
Definition
Approach to the study of formal organizations that emphasizes the role of people, communication, and participation in a bureaucracy and tends to focus on the informal structure of the organization.
Term
Ideal type
Definition
Construct or model for evaluating specific cases
Term
In-group
Definition
Any group or category to which people feel they belong
Term
Iron law of oligarchy
Definition
A principle of organizational life under which even a democratic organization will eventually develop into a bureaucracy ruled by a few individuals.
Term
Labor union
Definition
Organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer
Term
McDonaldization
Definition
The process by which the priciplesĀ of theĀ fast food restaurant are comeing to dominate more and more sectors of american society as well as the rest of the world
Term
Out-group
Definition
A group or category to which people feel they do not belong
Term
Peter principle
Definition
A principle of organization life according to which every employee within a heirarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence
Term
Primary group
Definition
Small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation
Term
Reference group
Definition
Any group that individuals use as standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior
Term
Scientific management approach
Definition
Another name for the classical theory of formal organizations
Term
Secondary group
Definition
Formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding
Term
Small group
Definition
Group small enough for all member to interact simutaneously
Term
Telecommuter
Definition
Employee who works full time or part time at home rather than in an outside office, and who is linked to supervisors and colleagues through computer terminals, phone lines, and fax machines
Term
Triad
Definition
three-member group
Term
Voluntary association
Definition
Organization established on the basis of common interest, whose members volunteer or even pay to participate.
Term
Trained incapacity
Definition
Tendancy of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems
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