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Definition
| -the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. |
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| the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events |
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| -information processing guided by higher level mental processes as when we construct perception drawing on our experiences and expectation. |
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| - the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli such as there intensity and our psychological experience of them |
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| -the min. stimulation needed to detect particular stimulus 50% of the time. |
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| - analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brian's integration of sensory information. |
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| -a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a fate stimulus (signal) a mid background (noise). |
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| -below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness. |
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| -the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory and response. |
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| -the min. difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. |
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| -the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant min. percent-age (rather than a constant amount). |
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| -diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. |
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| -conversion of one form of energy into another. |
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| -the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. |
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| - the dimension of colour that is determined by the wavelength of light what we know as the colour names; blue, red, and green and so forth. |
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| - the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude. |
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Definition
| - the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters |
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Definition
| - a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colour portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. |
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| - the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina. |
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| - the light-senstivity inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information. |
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| - the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina. |
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| - retinal receptors that detect black, white and grey; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond. |
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Definition
| - retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in the daylight or in well-lit onditions. |
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Definition
| - the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. |
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| the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there. |
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Definition
| - the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster. |
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| - nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. |
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| - the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. |
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| Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three colour) theory |
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Definition
| - the theory that the retina contains three different colour receptors- one most sensitive to red, one to green, on to blue- which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any colour. |
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| - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable colour vision. |
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| - the # of complete wavelength that pass a point in a given time ( for example, pre-sec.) |
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| - a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency. |
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Definition
| - the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones ( hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window. |
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Definition
| a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses. |
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Definition
| - the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs. |
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| - in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated. |
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| - the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tome, thus enabling us to sense pitch. |
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| - hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea. |
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| Sensorineural hearing loss |
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Definition
| - hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness. |
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| - a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea. |
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Definition
| - the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance. |
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| - the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance. |
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| - the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that clocks pain signals or allows then to pass on to the brain. |
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| - the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste. |
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| - an organized whole, emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. |
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| - organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground). |
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| - the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups. |
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Definition
| - the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance. |
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| - a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals. |
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Definition
| - depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes. |
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Definition
| - a binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the close the object. |
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| - depth cues, such as interpostion and linear perspective, available to either eye alone. |
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| - an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blind on and off in quick succession. |
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Definition
| - perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size lightness, and colour) even as illumination and retinal images change. |
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| - perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wave-lenghs reflected by the object. |
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| - in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. |
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| - a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not anther. |
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| - a branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use. |
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| Extrasensory Perception (esp) |
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Definition
| - the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition. |
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Term
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Definition
| - the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis |
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