Term
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Definition
| the inability to create a new interpretation of a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to see that an object can have a function other than its typical one in solving a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to use previously successful problem-solving strategies without considering others that are more appropriate for the current problems |
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Definition
| a step-by-step problem-solving procedure that guarantees a correct answer to a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| a problem-solving strategy that seems reasonable given past experience with solving problems, especially similar problems, but does not guarantee a correct answer to a problem |
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Term
| anchoring and adjustment heuristic |
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Definition
| a heuristic for estimation problems in which one uses his or her initial estimate as an anchor estimate and then adjusts the anchor up or down |
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Term
| working backward heuristic |
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Definition
| a problem-solving heuristic in which one attempts to solve a problem by working from the goal state back to the start state |
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Term
| means-end analysis heuristic |
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Definition
| a problem-solving heuristic in which the distance to the goal state is decrease systematically by breaking the problem down into sub goals and achieving these subgoals |
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| representativeness heuristic |
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Definition
| a heuristic for judging the probability of membership in a category by how well an object resembles that category |
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Term
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Definition
| the erroneous belief that a chance process is self-correcting in that an event that has not occurred for a while is more likely to occur |
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Definition
| incorrectly judging the overlap of two uncertain events to be more probably than either of the two events |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to seek evidence that confirms one's belief |
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Definition
| the erogenous belief that two variables are related when they actually are not |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to cling to one's beliefs in the face of contradictory evidence |
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Definition
| questioning a well-established research finding because one knows a person who violates the finding |
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Definition
| the process that allows tests scores to be interpreted by providing test norms |
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Term
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Definition
| a statistical technique that identifies clusters of test items that measure the same ability |
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Term
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Definition
| the finding that the average intelligence test score in the united states and other industrialized nations has improved steadily over the last century |
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