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| a reward that occurs after some, but not all, occurrences of a behavior |
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| The concept that after the repeated pairing of an unconditioned stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response and a neutral stimulus, the previously neutral stimulus can come to elicit the same resonse as the unconditioned stimulus |
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| the tendency for similar stimuli to evoke the same response. ex little boy fears all furry animals. |
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| the concept that a conditioned responsed will not occur for all possible stimuli, indicating that an animal can learn to tell the diff between diff stimuli |
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| Process by which the frequency of the organisms producing a response gradually decreases when the response behavior is no long followed by the reinforcement |
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| JOHN WATSON:the learning approach to psy introduced by Watson that emphasizes the study of observable behavior |
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| Systematic Desensitazation |
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| gradually extinguishing a phobia by causing the feared stimulus to become dissociated from the fear response |
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| an event that strengthens a behavior and increases the likelihood of repeating the behavior in the future |
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| EDWARD THORNDIKE: concept that the consequence of a behavior will either stregthen or weaken the behavior. that is, when a response follows a stimulus and results in satisfaction for the organism, this strenghtens the connection between stimulus and response. however, if the response results in discomfort or pain, the connection is weakened |
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| the changing of a behavior by manipulating its consequences |
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| the process in which undifferentiated operant behaviors are gradually changed or chaped into a desired behavior pattern by the reinforcement of successive approximations, so that the behavior more and more resembles the target behavior. |
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| An enclosure in which an experimenter can shape the behavior of an animal by controlling reinforcement and accurately measuring the responses of the animal |
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| An aversive event that ends if a behavior is performed, making it more likely for that behavior to be performed in the future. |
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| SKINNER:Radical Determinism |
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| The belief that all human behavior is caused and that humans have no free will |
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| in learning theory, simple associations between a stimulus and a response |
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| a fundamental innate motivator of behavior, specifically hunger, thirst, sex, or pain. |
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| A theory that proposes that habitsi are built up in terms of a hierarchy of secondary drives |
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| in social learning theory, a learned hierarchy of likelihoods that a person will produce particular responses in particular situations |
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| In social learning theory, drives that are learned by association with the satisfaction of primary drives |
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| Approach-Avoidance Conflict |
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DOLLARD AND MILLER: a term used by Dollard/Miller to describe a conflict between primary and secondary drives that occurs when a punishment results in the conditioning of a fear response to a drive
exampe sex. individual drawn to and away from a sexual object, resulting in anxiety and neurotic behavior. |
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| Approach-Approach Conflict |
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| DOLLARD/MILLER: describes a conflict in which a person is drawn to TWO equally attractive choices. ex) rat attracted to two awesome pieces of cheese. |
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| Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict |
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DOLLARD/MILLER: describes conflict in which a person is faced with TWO equally undesirable choices
ex) rat doesnt want either but still hungry- neurotic. |
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| Assesing personality by examining the frequency with which a person performs certain observable actions |
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| frequency and the interval of reinforcement. may be based on time or responses. variable reinforcement increases RESISTANCE OF THE BEHAVIOR TO EXTINCTION example, superstitious behavior might only occasionally reinforced but wicked hard to eliminate. |
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