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| more than the normal number of cells |
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| abnormal decrease, too few |
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| pro-time prothrombin time |
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| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
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| human immunodeficiency virus |
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| disease resulting from body’s immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens; examples include systemic |
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| convert from liquid to gel or solid, as in blood coagulation |
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| branch of medicine specializes in treating diseases and conditions of blood; physician is hematologist |
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| collection of blood under skin as result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels; commonly referred to as bruise |
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| to stop bleeding or stagnation of blood flow through tissues |
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| appearance of wheals as part of allergic reaction |
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| immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens; also called immunodeficiency disorder |
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| antibodies secreted by B cells; antibodies are immunoglobulins and assist in protecting body and its surfaces from invasion of bacteria; example, immunoglobulin IgA in |
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| branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other disorders of immune system; physician is immunologist |
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| tissues’ response to injury from pathogens or physical agents; characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch |
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| edema appearing in extremities due to obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels |
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| transfusion of only formed elements and without plasma |
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| severe itching associated with hives, usually linked to food allergy, stress, or drug reactions |
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| mixture of both plasma and formed elements |
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| life-threatening condition severe allergic reaction; circulatory and respiratory problems occur, including respiratory distress, hypotension, edema, tachycardia, and convulsions; also called anaphylaxis |
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| large group of conditions characterized by reduction in number of red blood cells or amount of hemoglobin in blood; results in less oxygen reaching the tissues |
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| graft vs. host disease (GVHD) |
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| serious complication of bone marrow transplant (graft); immune cells from donor bone marrow attack recipient’s (host’s) tissues |
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| destruction of patient’s erythrocytes; occurs when receiving transfusion of incompatible blood type; also called transfusion reaction |
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| hereditary blood disease; blood-clotting time is prolonged due to lack of one vital clotting factor; transmitted by sex-linked trait from females to males, appearing almost exclusively in males |
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| condition of having too high level of lipids such as cholesterol in bloodstream; risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease |
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| cancer of white blood cell-forming red bone marrow; resulting in a large number of abnormal and immature white blood cells circulating in blood |
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| inflammation of lymph nodes; referred to as swollen glands |
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| acute infectious disease with large number of abnormal lymphocytes; caused by Epstein–Barr virus; abnormal liver function may occur |
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| disease of unknown cause that forms fibrous lesions commonly appearing in lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, and small bones of hands and feet |
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| bacteria or their toxins in bloodstream; sepsis is term that means putrefaction; commonly called blood poisoning |
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| genetic disorder; erythrocytes take on abnormal curved or “sickle” shape; cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to hemolytic anemia |
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| procedure for collecting and storing patient’s own blood several weeks prior to actual need; used to replace blood lost during surgical procedure |
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| blood culture and sensitivity |
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| sample of blood is incubated in laboratory to check for bacterial growth; if (C&S)bacteria are present, they are identified and tested to determine to which antibiotics they are sensitive |
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| artificial transfer of blood into bloodstream |
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| sample of bone marrow is removed by aspiration with needle and examined for diseases such as leukemia or aplastic anemia |
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| bone marrow transplant (BMT) |
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| patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient’s own bone marrow has been destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy |
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| complete blood count (CBC) |
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| blood test; consists of red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), white blood cell differential, and platelet count |
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| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, sed rate) |
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| blood test; determines rate at which mature red blood cells settle out of blood after addition of an anticoagulant; is indicator of presence of inflammatory disease |
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| hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit) |
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| blood test; measures volume of red blood cells within total volume of blood |
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| blood test; measures amount of hemoglobin present in given volume of blood |
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| replacement of blood by transfusion of blood received from another person |
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| injection of immunoglobulins or antibodies in order to treat disease |
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| removal of lymph node; usually done to test for malignancy |
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| incision into vein to remove blood for diagnostic test; also called venipuncture |
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| removing plasma from body without depleting formed elements; whole blood is removed and cells and plasma are separated; cells are returned to patient along with donor plasma transfusion |
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| blood test; determines number of platelets in given volume of blood |
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| prothrombin time (Pro time, PT) |
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| blood test; measures blood’s coagulation abilities by measuring how long it takes for clot to form after prothrombin has been activated |
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| red blood cell count (RBC) |
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| blood test; determines number of erythrocytes in volume of blood; decrease in red blood cells may indicate anemia; an increase may indicate polycythemia vera |
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| red blood cell morphology |
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| examination of specimen of blood for abnormalities in shape (morphology) of erythrocytes; determines diseases like sickle cell anemia |
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| exposure to weakened pathogen that stimulates immune response and antibody production in order to confer protection against full-blown disease; also called immunization |
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| white blood cell count (WBC) |
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| blood test; measures number of leukocytes in volume of blood; increase may indicate presence of infection or a disease such as leukemia; decrease may be caused by radiation therapy or chemotherapy |
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| white blood cell differential |
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| blood test; determines number of each variety of leukocytes |
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| prevents blood clot formation; commonly called blood thinners |
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| prevents or stops hemorrhaging; also called hemostatic agent |
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| dissolves existing blood clots |
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| block effects of histamine released by body during allergic reaction |
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| block certain actions of immune system; prevents, rejection of transplanted organ |
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