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Chapter 6 The Skeletal System
Evangel University, Dr. Tenneson, in progress
47
Medical
Undergraduate 3
02/02/2012

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Term
articular cartilage
Definition
thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints

ar-TIK-u-lar CAR-tih-lij
Term
bone depressions
Definition
concave, indented areas or openings in bones
Term
bone markings
Definition
specific features of individual bones
Term
bone processes
Definition
projections or outgrowths of bones
Term
cancellous bone
Definition
spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone

CAN-sell-us
Term
cervical vertebrae
Definition
vertebrae or bones of the neck, C1 through C7

SIR-vih-kal VER-teh-bray
Term
compact bone
Definition
hard outer shell of the bone
Term
condyle
Definition
knucklelike projection at the end of a bone

CON-dial
Term
crest
Definition
distinct border or ridge, as in iliac creat
Term
diaphysis
Definition
main shaftlike portion of a bone

dye-AFF-ih-sis
Term
epiphyseal line
Definition
a layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone; also known as the epiphyseal plate

eh-PIFF-ih-sis
Term
false ribs
Definition
rib pairs 8 through 10, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but to the sternum in the front because they join the 7th rib in the front
Term
fissure
Definition
a grove or depression in a bone, a sulcus

FISH-er
Term
flat bones
Definition
bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces, such as the sternum
Term
floating ribs
Definition
rib pairs 11 & 12, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the fron
Term
fontanelle or fontanel
Definition
space between the bones of an infant's cranium, "soft spot"

fon-tah-NELL
Term
foramen
Definition
hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass

for-AY-men
Term
fossa
Definition
hollow or concave depression in a bone

FOSS-ah
Term
haversian canals
Definition
system of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

ha-VER-shan
Term
hematopoiesis
Definition
the normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow

hem-ah-toh-poy-EE-sis
Term
intercostal space
Definition
space between the ribs
Term
intervertebral disk
Definition
a flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae

in-ter-VER-teh-bral disk
Term
long bones
Definition
bones that are longer than they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends, such as the femur
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
the vertebrae of the lower back, L1 through L5

LUM-bar VER-teh-bray
Term
medullary cavity
Definition
the center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing the yellow marrow

MED-a-lair-ee
Term
ossification
Definition
the conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to hone; the formation of bone

oss-sih-fih-KAY-shun
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue
Term
osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cells
Term
periosteum
Definition
the thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone.

pair-ee-AH-stee-um
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
the soft, semifluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production
Term
resorption
Definition
the process of removing or digesting old bone tissue

ree-SORP-shun
Term
sesamoid bones
Definition
irregular bones imbedded in tendons near a join, as in the kneecap

SES-a-moyd bones
Term
short bones
Definition
bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped, such as the wrist bone
Term
sinus
Definition
an opening or hollow space in a bone, a cavity within a bone

SIGH-nuss
Term
spine
Definition
a sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest
Term
stenosis
Definition
an abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure

stin-OH-sis
Term
sulcus
Definition
a groove or depression in a bone, a fissure
Term
sutures
Definition
immovable joints, such as those of the cranium

SOO-chers
Term
thoracic vertebrae
Definition
the 12 vertebrae of the chest, T1 through T12

tho-RASS-ik VER-teh-bray
Term
trabeculae
Definition
needlelike bony spicules within cancellous bone that contribute to the spongy appearance, their distribution along lines of stress adds to the strength of the bone

trah-BEK-u-lay
Term
trochanter
Definition
lagre bony process located below the neck of the femur

tro-CAN-ter
Term
true ribs
Definition
the 1st 7 pairs of ribs, which connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front
Term
tuburcle
Definition
a small rounded process of a bone

TOO-ber-kl
Term
tuberosity
Definition
an elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone

too-ber-OSS-ih-tee
Term
vertebral foramen
Definition
a large opening in the center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for the spiral cord
Term
yellow marrow
Definition
located in the diaphysis of long bones, yellow marrow consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
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