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Chapter 6 - Somatoform Disorders, Disoociative Disorders
Somatoform
61
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
03/17/2011

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Term
Conversion Disorder
Definition
involves the translation of unacceptable drives or troubling conflicts into bodily motor or sensory symptoms that suggest neurological or other kind of medical conditions
Term
Somatization Disorder
Definition
involves expression of psychological issues through bodily problems that cannot be explained by any known medical condition or as being due to the effects of substance
Term
Pain Disorder
Definition
a form of pain (which causes intense personal distress or impairment) is the predominant focus of the client's medical complaint
Term
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Definition
preoccupied, almost to the point of being delusional, with the idea that a part of their body is ugly or defective
Term
Hypochondriasis
Definition
believe or fear that they have a serious illness, when in fact they are merely experiencing normal bodily reactions
Term
Factitious Disorder
Definition
people fake symptoms or disorders, not for the purpose of any particular gain but because of an inner need to maintain a sick role
Term
4 Types of Conversion Disorder
Definition
  • motor
  • sensory
  • seizures or convulsions
  • mixed presentations
Term
5 Motor Symptoms of Conversion Disorder
Definition
  • impaired coordination or balance
  • paralysis
  • difficulty speaking
  • difficulty swallowing
  • urinary retention
Term
5 Symptoms of Sensory Conversion Disorder
Definition
  • loss of sense of touch
  • inability to feel pain
  • double vision
  • blindness
  • deafness
Term
2 Symptoms of Seizure Conversion Disorder
Definition
  • seizures
  • convulsions
Term
Mixed Presentation Coversion Disorder
Definition
combination of symptoms or deficits from other symptom subtypes
Term
3 Terms Relating to Conversion Disorder
Definition
  • hysteria - hereditary disassociation of the brain
  • hysterical neurosis - stems from anxiety
  • la belle indifference - dismiss symptoms as minor even when incapacitating
Term
Difference Between Conversion and Somatization
Definition
somatization involves multiple and recurrent bodily symptoms rather than a single physical complaint
Term
5 Symptoms of Somatization Disorder
Definition
  • client seeks help continuously from several different physicians over course of years
  • exaggerated physical complaints
  • not faking
  • rarely go a year without seeking medical attention
  • do not voluntarily seek psychological treatment
Term
Condition Related to Somatization Disorder
Definition
  • pain disorder

 

Term
5 Pain Disorder Symptoms
Definition
  • not faking
  • life consumed by experience of pain
  • many cases, medical condition exists, but nature of pain complaint is regarded as being intricately associated with psychological issues
  • on spectrum of internalizing disorders including mood, anxiety, and somatization disorder
  • endless pursuit of relief and likely to become dependent on medications
Term
5 Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms
Definition
  • defects are imaginary or grossly exaggerated
  • problems with mirrors
  • thinking borders paranoia
  • chronic if untreated
  • related to mood and anxiety disorders
Term
Difference Between Hypochondriasis and Conversion and Somatization Disorder
Definition
does not involve extreme bodily dysfunctions or unexplainable medical symptoms but exaggerated normal bodily occurrences
Term
6 Symptoms of Hypochondriasis
Definition
  • appear to be on verge of panic
  • no amount of reassurance will remove fears
  • person is aware of fact their symptoms might be delusional
  • anxiety and depression
  • rumination about symptoms
  • difficult treatment
Term
7 Symptoms of Factitious Disorder
Definition
  • physical or psychological
  • fabrication of problem
  • inflicting physical pain
  • makes med condition worse
  • no ulterior motive such as economic or avoidance of responsibility
  • dramatic presentation of self
  • many have impressive medical knowledge
Term
Type of Factitious Disorder
Definition
Munchausen's Syndrome
Term

Munchausen's Syndrome

 

Definition
involves chronic cases in which the individuals whole life becomes consumed with the pursuit of medical care
Term
2 Psychological Symptoms Factitious Disorder
Definition
  • psychosis
  • depression
Term
Two Subtypes of Factitious Disorder
Definition
  • factitious disorder by proxy
  • munchausen's syndrome by proxy
Term
Factitious Disorder By Proxy/Munchausen's Disorder By Proxy
Definition
a person induces physical symptoms in another person who is under that individual's care
Term
Mallingering
Definition
deliberately feigning the symptoms of physical illness or psychological disorder for an ulterior motive and can be detected using MMPI-2
Term
Diagnostic Features of Conversion Disorder 1
Definition
  • one or more symptoms or deficits that affect voluntary motor or sensory function suggesting a neurological or general medical condition
Term
Diagnostic Features of Conversion Disorder 2
Definition
  • psychological factors associated with condition, which began or was aggravated following a conflict or stressor
Term
Diagnostic Features of Conversion Disorder 3
Definition
  • condition is not intentionally produced
Term
Diagnostic Features of Conversion Disorder 4
Definition
  • cannot be attributed to general medical condition, substance use, or culturally sanctioned behavior
Term
Diagnostic Features of Conversion Disorder 5
Definition
  • distress and impairment
Term
4 Diagnostic Issues for Conversion Disorder
Definition
  • difficult for health professional to diagnose disorder
  • real physical or cognitive problem may be wrongly attributed to psychological causes and client might not receive prompt med attention
  • half of those diagnosed are found later to have had physical illness not apparent when first seen for treatment
  • suggest thourough neurological examination
Term
2 Behavioral Thoeries of Somatoform Disorders
Definition
  • primary and secondary gains - what motivates people to appear sick
  • elimination of positive reinforcers for being sick
Term
Primary Gains
Definition
the avoidance of burdensome responsibilities because one is "disabled" such as the avoidance of playing in a game entails high risk in terms of physical injury and loss of self-esteem
Term
Secondary Gains
Definition
sympathy and attention the sick person receives from other people such as the hockey player secretly gratified by the solicitous concern of his friends and teammates
Term
4 Types of Disociative Disorders
Definition
  • dissociative identity disorder (did)
  • dissociative amnesia
  • dissociative fugue
  • depersonalization disorder
Term
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Definition
assumption that a person develops more than one self or personality referred to as alters
Term
Alters
Definition
personalities of individual with did
Term
Host
Definition
the core personality of one with did
Term
Dissociative Amnesia
Definition
formerly called pschogenic amnesia, in which individual is unable to remember important personal details and experiences usually associated with traumatic or stressful events
Term
Depersonalization Disorder
Definition
persistent recurring experiences of feeling detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of mental processes or body
Term
Dissociative Fugue
Definition
sudden, unexpected travel away from home or one's customary place of work, with inability to recall one's past
Term
5 Symptoms of DID
Definition
  • two or more identities in same person
  • primary identity associated with given name known as host and is passive and dependent
  • have subpersonalities or alters
  • transition from one alter to another is often sudden and triggered by a stimulus
  • lost or distorted experiences of time
Term
4 Forms of Dissociative Amnesia
Definition
  • localized - forgets all events in specific time period
  • selective - fails to recall some, but not all, details of events occurring during a given time period
  • generalized - person can't remember anything at all from life
  • continuous - failure to recall events from a particualr date up to including present time
Term
5 Symtoms of Dissociative Amnesia
Definition
  • unable to recall important info
  • triggered by specific upsetting event
  • not attributable to neurological dysfunction, brain damage, or normal forgetfulness
  • abrupt onset that can last hours or years
  • disappears suddenly with complete recovery
Term
4 Symptoms of Dissociative Fugue
Definition
  • unable to recall history or identity
  • some form new identities
  • often follows severely stressful event
  • no recall of what took place during fugue after recovery
Term
6 Symptoms of Depersonalization Disorder
Definition
  • detachment from one's experiences
  • out of body
  • often follows time of extreme stress
  • change in body size and shape
  • being controlled by forces outside of self
  • aware that something is wrong with them increases distress
Term
5 Theories for DID
Definition
  • traumatic childhood
  • sociocognitive model
  • psychodynamic view
  • behavioral: state-dependent learning
  • self-hypnosis

 

Term

Traumatic Childhood

 

Definition
fail to develop an integrated and continuous sense of self as child dissociates repeatedly during chronic traumatic event such as physical and sexual abuse
Term
Sociocognitive Model
Definition

clients enact the roles that they feel (consciously and unconsciously) are demanded by the situation

social attention to condition of did along with unintentional prompting by therapists can lead to development of disorder

Term
Psychodynamic View
Definition
  • lifetime of excessive repressed memories of trauma
  • in a dangerous world, the child may start to escape reality by splitting from reality and creating protectors
Term
Behavioral: State-Dependent Learning
Definition
better able to recall something learned when under the same conditions
Term
Self-Hypnosis
Definition
using hypnosis to forget about negative events
Term
3 Goals of Therapy for DID
Definition
  • help client recognize the nature of disorder
  • recover gaps in client's memory
  • integrate subpersonalities using fusion (final merging of two plus altars)
Term
2 Types of Therapy for DID
Definition
  • hypnotherapy
  • cbt
Term
Hypnotherapy
Definition
  • client is hypnotized while in trance state and encouraged to recall painful past experiences
  • controversial because it may actually cause the emergence of other symptoms related to the disorder (iatrogenic)
Term
CBT
Definition
  • change thought process
  • bolster self-efficacy through temporizing in which client controls way alters make their appearance
  • change attitudes related to function of alters
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