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Definition
| Process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and or nonverbal messages |
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| Is shared meaning between or among parties in a transaction |
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| Process of discerning breaks between recognizable words |
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| The physiological process of registering sound waves as they hit the eardrums |
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| Cramming information into short-term memory |
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| Listening for comprehension of a speaker's message |
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| A competitive vying for attention and focus on self by shiting topics |
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| A cooperative effort to focus attention on the other person, not oneself, during conversation |
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| When one person stops speaking when another person starts speaking |
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| When we dominate the conversation by seizing the floor from others who are speaking |
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| When listener's attention wanders and daydreaming or sleeping occurs |
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| When someone pretends to listen |
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| When we listen for weaknesses and ignore strengths of a speaker's message |
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| The process of evaluating the merits of claims as they are heard |
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| A generalization that requires support |
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| The process of listening to claims, evaluating evidence and reasoning supporing those claims, and drawing conclusions based on probabilities |
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| A willingness to accept claims without solid reasoning or valid evidence and to hold these beliefe tenaciously even if a contradictory evidence disputes them |
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| Nay-saying, fault finding, and ridiculing the beliefs and values of others |
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| The psychological tendency to look for and listen to information that supports our beliefs and/or values and to ignore or distort information that contradicts our beliefs and values |
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| Rationalization of Disconfirmation |
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| Inventing superficial, even glib, alternative explanations for contradictory evidence |
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| The obligation of the claimant to support a claim with evidence and reasoning whoever makes the claims has the burden to prove it |
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| Shifting the burden of proof |
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| Inappropriately assuming the validity of a claim unless it is proven false by another person who never made the original claim |
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| Law of Very Large Numbers |
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| With large enough numbers almost anything is likely to happen to somebody |
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| When competing explanations or theories fit the facts, the simplest is preferred |
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| Requires listeners to take the perspective of the other person and to listen for what that person needs |
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| The types of initial verbal reactions we make when another person comes to us with a problem, reveals a frustrating event, or is experiencan emotional crisis |
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| A judgment by a listener about a person's conduct |
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| Listeners telling individuals how they should act |
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| A listener expressing what he or she thinks is the underlying meaning of a situation presenting by another person |
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| Focuses on the content of a message, but ignores the emotional side of the communication |
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| A listener seeking more information from others by asking questions |
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| Acknowledges the feelings of the speaker and tries to boost the person's confidence |
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| A listener checking his or her perceptions for comprehension |
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