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| change in an organisms behaviour or thought as a result of experience |
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| process of responding less strongly over time to repeated stimuli |
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| classical (pavlovian or respondent) conditioning |
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| form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response |
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| initially neutral stimulus which, after conditioning, elicits a condition response |
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| stimulus that elicits an automatic response without prior conditioning |
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| automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus |
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| response elicited by a previously neutral stimulus as a result of conditioning |
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| learning phase during which a conditioned response is established |
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| gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus |
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| sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a delay following an extinction procedure |
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| process by which conditioned stimuli that are similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus elicit a conditioned response |
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| displaying a less pronounced conditioned response to conditioned stimuli that differ from the original conditioned stimulus |
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| higher order conditioning |
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| developing a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus by virtue of its association with another conditioned stimulus |
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| difficulty in establishing classical conditioning to an already familiar stimulus |
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| conditioned compensatory response |
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| a CR that is the opposite of the UCR and serves to compensate for the UCR |
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| sexual attraction to nonliving things |
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| an apparent conditioned response that actually turns out to be an unconditioned response to the stimulus |
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| learning controlled by the consequences of the organisms behaviour |
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| principle asserting that if, in the presence of a certain stimulus, a behaviour results in a satisfying reward, that behaviour is more likely to occur in the presence of that stimulus in the future. |
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| grasping the nature of a problem |
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| small animal chamber constructed by Skinner to allow sustained periods of conditioning to be administered and behaviours to be recorded unsupervised. |
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| outcome or consequence of a behaviour that strengthens the probability of the behaviour |
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| the presentation of a stimulus following a behaviour that strengthens the probability of the behaviour |
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| the removal of a stimulus following a behaviour that strengthens the probability of the behaviour |
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| outcome or consequence of a behaviour that weakens the probability of the behaviour |
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| stimulus associated with the availability of reinforcement |
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| only occasional reinforcement of a behaviour, resulting in slower extinction than if the behaviour had been reinforced continually |
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| schedule of reinforcement |
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| pattern by which a behaviour is reinforced |
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| pattern in which we provide reinforcement following a regular number of responses |
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| pattern in which we provide reinforcement for the first response following a specified time interval |
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| pattern in which we provide reinforcement after a variable number of responses, with the number varying randomly around some average |
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| variable interval schedule |
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| pattern in which we provide reinforcement for the first response following a variable time interval with the actual intervals varying randomly around some average |
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| shaping by successive approximations |
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| conditioning a new target behaviour by progressively reinforcing behviours that come closer and closer to the target |
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| objects and events that have become reinforcers because of their association with other reinforcers |
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| objects and events that are naturally reinforcing |
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| learning thats not directly observable |
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| mental representations of how a physical space is organized |
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| learning by watching others |
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| cells in the prefrontal cortex that become activated by specific motions when an animal both performs and observes that action |
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| assumption that any conditioned stimulus can be associated equally well with any unconditioned stimulus |
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| evolutionary predisposition to learn some pairings of feared stimuli over others owing to their survival value |
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| tendency for animals to return to innate behaviours following repeated reinforcement |
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| individuals preferred or optimal method of acquiring new information |
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