Term
| the cell body of a motor neuron is located ______. |
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Definition
| in the anterior horn of the spinal cord |
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Term
| The cell body of a sensory (afferent) neuron is located ________ |
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Definition
in the dorsal root ganglion which is in the intervertebral foramen
see page 50 of book. page 52 fig 6-3 |
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Term
| The cauda equina is made up of the nerve roots which vertebral levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between the vertebral foramen and the intervertebral foramen? |
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Definition
the vertebral foramen runs through the vertebrae and houses the spinal cord.
The intervertebral foramen is the opening formed by the superior vertebral notch of the vertebra below and the inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above. Spinal nerve roots exit the spinal cord through this opening. see fig 6-15 page 57 |
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Term
| the PNS begins in the ______ |
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Definition
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Term
Name the fifth cranial nerve.
Is it sensory, motor or mixed?
What is the motor and/or sensory function? |
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Definition
Trigeminal nerve
Mixed nerve
Sensory for face
Motor for chewing muscles |
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Term
Name the VII cranial nerve
Sensory, motor or mixed?
What is the sensory and /or motor function? |
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Definition
Facial Nerve
Mixed
Sensory for tongue
motor for face muscles |
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Term
what is the XI cranial nerve?
is it sensory motor or mixed?
What is the sensory and/or motor function? |
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Definition
Accessory nerve or Spinal Accessory
Motor nerve
SCM and Trap muscles |
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Term
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
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Definition
31
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal |
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Term
| Spinal nerve C1 emerges from the spinal cord where? |
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Definition
It emerges above C1 vertebra. C2 spinal nerve comes out under the C1 vertebra and above C2.
In the cervical spine the spinal nerves exit above the corresponding vertebra. C8 emerges below C7 and above T1.
From T1 and below the spinal nerve exits below the corresponding vertebra. |
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Term
| The area of skin supplied with sensory fibers of a spinal nerve is called? |
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Definition
a dermatome.
There is overlap between contiguous dermatomes. complete anesthesia will not occur unless more than 2 spinal nerves are damaged. sensation may be decreased but not absent. |
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Term
| A person with a spinal cord injury at C3 or above would lose inervation to ______. |
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Definition
| The diaphram and would be unable to breathe without assistance. |
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Term
| The Diaphragm recieve innervation from |
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Definition
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Term
| The Deltoid and Biceps brachii recieve innervation from__________ |
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Definition
The Brachial plexus
Deltoid - axillary nerve C5, C6
Biceps, Musculocutaneous nerve C5 C6
need to check this as the book is not clear on page 61
Page 61 6-22 |
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Term
| Autonomic dysreflexia or hyperreflexia is a potentially life threatening complication that can occur with spinal cord injuries at or above. |
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Definition
T10.
SCI above T6 are most susceptible. It can be triggered by noxious stimuli below the level of injury such as a distended bladder. Symptoms include HA sudden HTN flush, sweating and gooseflesh. BP can reach dangerous levels and lead to stroke or death. |
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Term
| The anterior rami of the first 4 cervical nerves join together to form the cervical ______. |
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Definition
Plexus
the cervical plexus innervates the muscles of the neck. The most important nerve of the cervical plexus is the Phrenic nerve C3, C4, C5 that innervates the diaphragm |
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Term
| The ____ plexus is formed from the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 through T1. |
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Definition
Brachial
There are 5 roots with join to form
3 trunks which branch and rejoin to form
3 cords
and end in 5 peripheral nerves |
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Term
| The 5 peripheral nerves coming off of the Brachial Plexus are: |
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Definition
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Median
Ulnar |
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Term
Axillary Nerve
Spinal Cord Segment?
Muscle Innervation?
Sensory Distribution?
Clinical Features of Paralysis? |
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Definition
Segment: C5, C6
Innervates: Deltoid, Teres Minor
Sensory: Lateral arm over lower portion of deltoid
Clinical: loss of shoulder abduction and weakened shoulder lateral rotation |
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Term
Radial nerve
Spinal Cord Segment?
Muscle Innervation?
Sensory Distribution?
Clinical Features of Paralysis? |
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Definition
Roots: C6, C7, C8, T1
Muscles: Triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, supinator, wrist, finger, and thumb extensors.
Sensory: Posterior arm, posterior forearm, radial side of posterior hand
Clinical : Loss of elbow, wrist, finger and thumb extension: "wrist drop" |
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Term
Musculocutaeous nerve.
Spinal Cord Segment?
Muscle Innervation?
Sensory Distribution?
Clinical Features of Paralysis? |
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Definition
C5, C6
Coracobrachialis, Biceps, brachialis
Anterior lateral surface of forearm
loss of elbow flexion and weakened supination |
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Term
Median nerve
Spinal Cord Segment?
Muscle Innervation?
Sensory Distribution?
Clinical Features of Paralysis? |
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Definition
C6,C7 C8, T1
Pronators, wrist and finger flexors on radial side, most thumb muscles
Palmar aspect of thumb, second, third, fourth (radial half) fingers.
Loss of forearm pronation, loss of thumb opposition flexion and abduction "ape hand" |
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Term
Ulnar nerve
Spinal Cord Segment?
Muscle Innervation?
Sensory Distribution?
Clinical Features of Paralysis? |
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Definition
C8, T1
Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus (medial half), Interossei, fourth and fifth lumbricales
Fourth finger (medial portion) fifth finger
loss of wrist ulnar deviation. |
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Term
| The Lumbosacral Plexus is formed from the anterior rami of L1 through S3. The plexus forms what 5 terminal nerves? |
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Definition
Obturator
Femoral
Sciatic
Tibial
Common peroneal |
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Term
| The anterior rami of spinal nerves that form the plexuses provide innervation and sensation to the muscles of the extremeties and anterior muscles. What do the posterior rami do? |
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Definition
| Provide innervation and sensation to the muscles of the back and trunk. |
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Term
Femoral nerve
Spinal Cord Segment?
Muscle Innervation?
Sensory Distribution?
Clinical Features of Paralysis? |
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Definition
L2,L3,L4
Iliopsoas, sartorius, pectineus, quadriceps femoris
Anterior and medial thigh, medial leg and foot
Weakened hip flexion loss of knee extension |
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Term
Obturator
Spinal Cord Segment?
Muscle Innervation?
Sensory Distribution?
Clinical Features of Paralysis? |
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Definition
L2,L3,L4
Hip adductors, Obturator externus
Middle part of medial thigh
Loss of hip adduction, Weakened hip lateral rotation |
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Term
Sciatic nerve
Spinal Cord Segment?
Muscle Innervation?
Sensory Distribution?
Clinical Features of Paralysis? |
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Definition
L4,L5,S1,S2,S3
Hamstring muscles
No sensory
weakened hip extension loss of knee flexion |
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Term
Tibial nerve
Spinal Cord Segment?
Muscle Innervation?
Sensory Distribution?
Clinical Features of Paralysis? |
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Definition
L4,L5,S1,S2,S3
Popliteus, ankle plantar flexors,tibialis posterior,foot intrinsics
posterior and lateral and lateral foot
Loss of ankle plantar flexion, loss of toe flexion, weakened ankle inversion |
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Term
Common Peroneal nerve
Spinal Cord Segment?
Muscle Innervation?
Sensory Distribution?
Clinical Features of Paralysis? |
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Definition
L4,L5,S1,S2
Peroneals, Tibialis anterior, Toe extensors
Anterior lateral leg and foot
Loss of ankle dorseflexion-foot drop, loss of toe extension, loss of ankel eversion |
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Term
|
Definition
| traction injury to brachial plexus |
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Term
|
Definition
loss of thumb opposition
Median nerve involvment |
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Term
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Definition
| Median nerve loss of thumb index and middle finger flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| Ulnar nerve damage loss of hand intrinsics |
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Term
| The trapezius muscle recieves innervation from |
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Definition
| Crainial nerve XI for motor and C3 C4 for sensory |
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Term
| Scapular winging occurs when there has been damage to which nerve and which muscle? |
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Definition
Long Thoracic nerve
Serratus anterior |
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Term
| damage to the common peroneal nerve can cause what? |
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Definition
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