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Definition
| psychological characteristic of a sound that is determined by its frequency |
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| part of the ear in which sounds are converted to nerve impulses |
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| ear's membrane that is lined with hair cells |
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Definition
| study of the relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them |
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Definition
| grouping principle that we fill in gaps in visual stimuli to create a complete, whole image |
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Definition
| psychological characteristic of light that is determined by wavelength |
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Definition
| receptors that enable color vision |
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Definition
| information processing in which several aspects of a problem are processed simultaneously |
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| minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time |
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| JND (Just Noticeable Difference) |
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Definition
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Definition
| snail-like structure of the inner ear that contains the receptors for hearing |
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Definition
| binocular cue for perceiving depth |
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Definition
| number of complete wavelengths that pass a given point in a given time |
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Definition
| part of the eye that contains the rods and cones |
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Definition
| monocular cue for perceiving distance that involves the convergence of parallel lines |
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| monocular depth cue in which we perceive an object that partially blocks our view of another object as closer |
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Definition
| sense of the position and movement of the parts of the body |
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Definition
| grouping principle by which we perceive uniform and linked spots, lines , or areas as a single unit |
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Term
| figure-ground relationship |
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Definition
| organization of the visual field into two parts |
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Definition
| visual receptors that are concentrated in the periphery of the retina |
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Definition
| behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus |
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Definition
| relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience |
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Definition
| reinforcer that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response |
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Definition
| type of stimulus that naturally triggers an unconditioned response |
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Term
| unconditioned response (UR) |
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Definition
| unlearned, involuntary response |
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Definition
| type of behavior that is positive and helpful |
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Definition
| behavior that produces reinforcing or punishing stimuli |
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| procedure that involves reinforcing successive approximations of a behavior |
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Term
| conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
| learned response to a previously neutral stimulus |
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Definition
| learning hat occurs in the absence of reinforcement but only becomes apparent when an incentive is introduced |
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Definition
| type of reinforcement in which responding intermittently reinforced |
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| schedule in which the first response following a set of period of time is reinforced |
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Definition
| tendency for stimuli similar to the original CS to evoke a CR |
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Definition
| occurs when a response is no longer reinforced |
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| mental picture of the environment |
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Definition
| responding differently to stimuli that signal whether a behavior will be reinforced |
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Definition
| learning that involves watching and imitating others |
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Term
| unconditioned stimulus (US) |
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Definition
| stimulus that automatically triggers an unconditioned response |
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Definition
| presentation of an aversive stimulus, which decreases the behavior it follows |
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Definition
| type of learning also called Pavlovian conditioning |
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Definition
| process of watching and then imitating a behavior |
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Term
| conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response |
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Definition
| stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning |
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