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| when physical forces break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the rock's mineral composition |
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| when water freezes in a rock and expands the rock, creating cracks |
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| sections of rock that are wedged loose may tumble into large piles called talus |
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| When the pressure exerted on the igneous rock is reduced because of large masses of igneous rock being exposed through uplift and erosion of overlying rocks |
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| Slabs of outer rock separate like the layers of an onion and break loose in a process called exfoliation |
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| the transformation of rock into one or more new compounds |
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| the part of the regolith that supports the growth of plants |
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| layer of rock and mineral fragments |
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| variations that divide the soil into zones |
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| A vertical section through all of the soil horizons is called a soil profile |
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| form in temperate areas that receive more than 63 cm of rain each year. |
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| found in the drier western United States in areas that have grasses and brush vegetation |
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| are found in the drier western United States in areas that have grasses and brush vegetation |
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| form in hot, wet tropical areas |
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| the transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity is called mass movement |
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| when rocks or rock fragments fall freeely through the air |
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| the downward movement of a block of material along a curved surface |
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| Flows that move relatively slowly |
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| The slowest type of mass movement, usually travels only a few millimeters or centimeters per year |
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