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| are samples of about the same size and carried through an experiment in exactly the same way. (generally two to five. |
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| dividing the sum of replicate measurements by the number of measurements |
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| is the middle value in a set of ordered data. An outlier has less impact on this than the mean. |
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| the closeness of results to others that have been obtained in exactly the same way. (reproducibility of measurements) |
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| precision estimate based on deviations of individual data from the mean of a finite sample |
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| a precision estimate consisting of the square of the standard deviation |
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| the relative standard deviation expressed as a percentage. |
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| indicates the closeness of the measurement to its true or accepted value |
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| measurement of an individual value(xi)against a true value (xt)with a signed difference to tell over (+) or under (-) |
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| absolute error divided by the true value and given as a percentage |
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| Random (or indeterminant) error |
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| Are error that affect the presision of measurement |
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| Systematic (or determinant) error |
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Definition
| are errors that effect accuracy |
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| different from random and systematic, are often large a lead to outliers |
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| occasional result in replicates the obviously differs significantly |
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| measures systematic error associated with analysis. (-) low results; (+) high results |
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| Type of systematic error caused by imperfections in measuring devices |
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| type of systematic error that arise from nonideal chemical or physical behavior of analytical systems |
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| A type of systematic error that results from the carelessness, in attention or personal limitations of the experimenter. |
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Definition
| errors independent of the size of the sample being analyzed |
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| errors that in crease or decrease in proportion to the size of the sample |
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| standard reference material (SRM) |
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Definition
| substance sold by the national institute of standards and technology and certified to contain specific concentrations of analyte |
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Definition
| used to detect constant errors by performing the analysis w/ all the reagents except for the sample analyte |
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