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Chapter 5 - Unit II
preparation for exam II
22
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Undergraduate 2
10/18/2017

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Term
agents of socialization
Definition
social institutions, including families and schools, that help to shape individuals' basic political beliefs and values
Term
attitude (or opinion)
Definition
a specific preference on a particular issue
Term
bandwagon effect
Definition
a shift in electoral support to the candidate whom public-opinion polls report as the front-runner
Term
conservative
Definition
today this term refers to those who generally support the social and economic status quo and are suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulae and economic arrangements. Conservatives believe that a large and powerful government poses a threat to citizens' freedom
Term
democracy
Definition
a system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, usually through the election of key public officials
Term
equality of opportunity
Definition
a widely shared American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential.
Term
gender gap
Definition
a distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between women and men
Term
liberal
Definition
today this term refers to those who generally support social and political reform; governmental intervention in the economy and more economic equality; the expansion of federal social services; and greater concern for consumers and the environment
Term
liberty
Definition
freedom from governmental control
Term
Market place of ideas
Definition
the public forum in which beliefs and ideas are exchanged and compete
Term
political ideology
Definition
a cohesive set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy about the role of government
Term
political socialization
Definition
the induction of individuals into the political culture; learning the underlying beliefs and values on which the political system is based
Term
probability sampling (or simple random sample)
Definition
a method used by pollsters to select a representative sample in which every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent
Term
public opinion
Definition
citizens' attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events
Term
public-opinion polls
Definition
scientific instruments for measuring public opinion
Term
push polling
Definition
a polling technique in which the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion
Term
random digit dialing
Definition
a polling method in which respondents are selected at random from a list of 10-digit telephone numbers, with every effort made to avoid bias in the construction of the sample
Term
sample
Definition
a small group selected by researchers to represent the most important characteristics of an entire population
Term
sampling error (or margin of error)
Definition
polling error that arises based on the small size of the sample
Term
selection bias (surveys)
Definition
polling error that arises when the sample is not representative of the population being studied, which creates errors in overrepresenting or underrepresenting some opinions
Term
social desirability effect
Definition
the effect that results when respondents in a survey report what they expect the interviewer wishes to hear rather than what they believe
Term
values (or beliefs)
Definition
basic principles that shape a person's opinions about political issues and events
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