Term
| what is mechanical weathering |
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Definition
| the physical disintegration of rock, resulting in smaller fragments |
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Term
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Definition
| the mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and crevices |
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Term
| when water freezes its volume |
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Definition
| its volume expands by about 9%, exerting a tremendous outward force. this force is great enough to burst water pipes during the winter |
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Term
| which of the following is not associated with mechanical weathering |
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Definition
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Term
| what is chemical weathering |
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Definition
| is the transformation of rock into one or more new compounds |
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Term
| which of the following is the result of chemical weathering |
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Definition
| a rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds |
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Term
| the atmospheric gas that form a mild acid when dissolved in water is |
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Definition
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Term
| what would cause the inscription on a marble gravestone to become harder and harder to read overtime |
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Definition
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Term
| what climate does chemical weather favor the most |
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Definition
| climates with high temperatures and abundant moisture |
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Term
| what are the major components of soil |
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Definition
minerial mater or broken down rock
organic matter or humus which is decayed remains of organisms
water
air |
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Term
| a soils texture is determined by |
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Definition
| you use categories of clay -silt- and sand in ti soil |
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Term
| the main source of organic matter in soil is |
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Definition
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Term
| use figure 5-1 to determine what a soil is called if it has 20 percent clay, 60 percent silt, and 20 percent sand |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point b in figure 5-1 |
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Definition
clay 20 percent
silt 40 percent
sand 40 percent |
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Term
| what are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shownn at point a in figure 5-1 |
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Definition
clay 60 percent
silt 20 percent
sand 20 percent |
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Term
| what are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point c in figure 5-1 |
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Definition
clay 10 percent
silt 20 percent
sand 70 percent |
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Term
| a soil associated with the hot and wet tropics is |
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Definition
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Term
| pedalfer soils contain high amounts of |
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Definition
| iron oxide and aluminum- rich clays |
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Term
| the process responsible for moving material downslope under the influence of gravity is called |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the force behind mass movement |
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Definition
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Term
| a mass movement that involves the sudden movement of a block of material along a flat, inclined surface is called a |
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Definition
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Term
| which of these factors affects the rate of weathering |
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Definition
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Term
| why can the removal of vegetation trigger mass movements |
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Definition
| the plant roots bind the soil and regolith together |
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Term
| in the process of _______, water freezes and expands, enlarging cracks in rocks |
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Definition
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Term
| a large pile of debris that forms at the base of a slope is called |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most inportant agent of chemical weathering |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| layer of rock and minerial fragments, which covers nearly all of the earths land surface |
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Term
| the force that drives mass movements is |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the content in the soil type pedocal |
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Definition
| abundant calcite or calcium carbonate and are typically light gray-brown |
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Term
| what is the location and content of the soil type laterite |
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Definition
| found in hot, wet tropical areas. iron oxides and aluminum oxides are present |
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Term
| one of the most dramatic triggers of sudden mass movements is a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
| ________, the slowest type of mass movement, involves the lifting and contracting of soil particles over time |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three factors that affect the rate of weathering |
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Definition
| mechanical weathering, rock characteristics, and climate |
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Term
| how are soils classified based on texture |
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Definition
| you use the percentage of clay, silt, and sand |
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Term
| explain the three processes that break rocks into smaller pieces during mechanical weathering |
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Definition
| frost wedging, unloading, and biological activity |
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