Term
| What is active transport? |
|
Definition
| Transport that requires energy. ATP is used directly or indirectly to fuel active transport. |
|
|
Term
| How do substances move in reference to the concentration gradient in active transport? |
|
Definition
| From low to high concentrations |
|
|
Term
| What does active transport require to work? |
|
Definition
| The use of highly selective carrier proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can only move one molecule at a time. ACTIVE TRANSPORT. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can move 2 molecules in the SAME direction. ACTIVE TRANSPORT. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can move 2 molecules in OPPOSITE directions. ACTIVE TRANSPORT. |
|
|
Term
| How does the sodium-potassium pump work? |
|
Definition
| An antiporter is used to move 3 NA+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell. ATP is used to change the conformation of the carrier protein which changes the affinity for either molecule. |
|
|
Term
| What type of transport uses ATP indirectly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does coupled transport work? |
|
Definition
| Uses energy released when a molecule moves by diffusion to supply energy to active transport of a different molecule. A symporter is used (2 molecules/1 direction). |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of coupled transport? |
|
Definition
| Glucose-Na+ symporter. It captures the energy from Na+ diffusion to move glucose against the concentration gradient. |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 forms of bulk transport? |
|
Definition
| Endocytosis and exocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of substances into the cell. |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 types of endocytosis? |
|
Definition
| Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell takes in particulate matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? |
|
Definition
| Specific molecules are taken in after they bind to a receptor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of substances out of the cell. |
|
|
Term
| What is hypercholesterolemia? |
|
Definition
| The LDL receptors lack tails, so they are never fastened to the clathrin-coated pits and as a result, do not trigger vesicle formation. The cholesterol stays in the bloodstream of affected individuals, accumulating as plaque in arteries and leading to heart attacks. |
|
|
Term
| What is exocytosis used for in plants? |
|
Definition
| Export cell wall materials |
|
|
Term
| What is exocytosis used for in animals? |
|
Definition
| Secrete hormones, neurotransmitters, digestive enzymes. |
|
|
