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Chapter 5 Part 2- Bio 111
Test 2
20
Biology
Undergraduate 3
10/21/2013

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Term
What is active transport?
Definition
Transport that requires energy. ATP is used directly or indirectly to fuel active transport.
Term
How do substances move in reference to the concentration gradient in active transport?
Definition
From low to high concentrations
Term
What does active transport require to work?
Definition
The use of highly selective carrier proteins.
Term
What is a uniporter?
Definition
Can only move one molecule at a time. ACTIVE TRANSPORT.
Term
What is a symporter?
Definition
Can move 2 molecules in the SAME direction. ACTIVE TRANSPORT.
Term
What is an antiporter?
Definition
Can move 2 molecules in OPPOSITE directions. ACTIVE TRANSPORT.
Term
How does the sodium-potassium pump work?
Definition
An antiporter is used to move 3 NA+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell. ATP is used to change the conformation of the carrier protein which changes the affinity for either molecule.
Term
What type of transport uses ATP indirectly?
Definition
Coupled transport.
Term
How does coupled transport work?
Definition
Uses energy released when a molecule moves by diffusion to supply energy to active transport of a different molecule. A symporter is used (2 molecules/1 direction).
Term
What is an example of coupled transport?
Definition
Glucose-Na+ symporter. It captures the energy from Na+ diffusion to move glucose against the concentration gradient.
Term
What are 2 forms of bulk transport?
Definition
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Term
What is endocytosis?
Definition
Movement of substances into the cell.
Term
What are 3 types of endocytosis?
Definition
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Term
What is phagocytosis?
Definition
Cell takes in particulate matter.
Term
What is pinocytosis?
Definition
Cell takes in ONLY fluid
Term
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Definition
Specific molecules are taken in after they bind to a receptor.
Term
What is exocytosis?
Definition
Movement of substances out of the cell.
Term
What is hypercholesterolemia?
Definition
The LDL receptors lack tails, so they are never fastened to the clathrin-coated pits and as a result, do not trigger vesicle formation. The cholesterol stays in the bloodstream of affected individuals, accumulating as plaque in arteries and leading to heart attacks.
Term
What is exocytosis used for in plants?
Definition
Export cell wall materials
Term
What is exocytosis used for in animals?
Definition
Secrete hormones, neurotransmitters, digestive enzymes.
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