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Chapter 5 Notecards
Chapter 5 notecards
27
Biology
10th Grade
03/01/2013

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Term
mitosis
Definition
process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents
Term
cell cycle
Definition
pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell
Term
cytokenesis
Definition
process by which the cell cytoplasm divides
Term
chromosome
Definition
long continious thread of DNA that consist of nemeorus genes and regulatory information
Term
hitstone
Definition
protien that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps
Term
chromatin
Definition
loose combination of DNA and protiens that is present during interphase
Term
chromatid
Definition
one half of a duplicated chromosome.
Term
centromere
Definition
region of condesed chromosome that looks piched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis
Term
telemore
Definition
repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes
Term
prophase
Definition
first phase of mitosis when chromatids condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposide sides of the cell.
Term
metaphase
Definition
second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator
Term
anaphase
Definition
third phase of mitosis during which chromatids seperate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
Term
telophase
Definition
last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell.
Term
growth factor
Definition
broad group of protiens that stimulate cell division
Term
apoptosis
Definition
programmed cell death
Term
cancer
Definition
common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
Term
benign
Definition
having no dangerous effect on health, especially reffering to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous
Term
malignant
Definition
cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body causing harm the organisms health
Term
metastasize
Definition
to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body.
Term
carcinogen
Definition
substances that produces or promotes the development of cancer.
Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
process by which offspring are produced from a single parents: does not involve joining of gametes
Term
binary fission
Definition
asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two equal parts
Term
Tissue
Definition
group of cells that work together to perform a similar function
Term
organ
Definition
group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specefic function or related functions.
Term
organ system
Definition
two or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions
Term
cell differentiation
Definition
process by which unspecialized cells develop into there mature form and function
Term
stem cell
Definition
cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferntiated
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