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chapter 5: Gender and Sexuality
vocabulary and concepts covered in this chapter
23
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/29/2014

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Term
gender
Definition
the socially constructed roles and characteristics bu which cilture defines male and female.
Term
aggression
Definition
physical or verbal behaviour intended to hurt someone.
Term
X chromosome
Definition
the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.
Term
Y chromosome
Definition
the sex chromosome found only in males. Whe paired wiht an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.
Term
testosterone
Definition
the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.
Term
puberty
Definition
the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
Term
primary sex characteristics
Definition
the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.
Term
secondary sex characteristics
Definition
nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair.
Term

menarche 

[meh-NAR-key]

Definition
the first menstrual period.
Term
gender role
Definition
a set of expected behaviors for males or for females.
Term
role
Definition
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the positoin ought to behave.
Term
gender identity
Definition
our sense of being male or female
Term
social learning theory
Definition
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.
Term
gender typing
Definition
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.
Term
transgender
Definition
an umbrella term describing people whose gender indentity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex.
Term
estrogens
Definition
sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteriscs. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.
Term
sexual response cycle
Definition
the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Term
refractory period
Definition
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.
Term
sexual dysfunction
Definition
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
Term
paraphilias
Definition
experiencing sexual arousal from fantasies, behaviors, or urgers involving non-human objects, the suffering or self or others, and/or nonconsenting persons.
Term

AIDS 

(acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Definition
a life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections.
Term
sexual orientation
Definition
an enduring sexual attaction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation), the other sex (heterosexual orientation), or both sexes (bisexual orientation).
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