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Definition
| Energy possessed by a moving object is called |
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Term
| two forms of mechanical energy |
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Definition
| potential energy and kinetic energy |
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Term
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Definition
| A stationary object has if its position can be converted into movement |
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Definition
| energy stored in chemical bonds between atoms that can be released during chemical reactions |
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Definition
| aka heat, created by movement of molecules in a substance |
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Term
| Mechanical potential energy |
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Definition
| is energy stored in objects by tension or position. |
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Term
| Kinetic (electromagnetic) |
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Definition
| energy of motion, which can be transformed into electrical energy. |
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Term
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Definition
is stored in the nuclei (core) of an atom
is released when an atom splits apart or two atoms join
together. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of splitting an atom is called |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of joining atoms is called |
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Term
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Definition
is energy stored in an object’s height.The higher and heavier the object, the more gravitational
energy is stored. |
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Term
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Definition
| is created from the motion of electrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrical energy is transferred by tiny charged particles |
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Term
| The first law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| states that energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. |
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Term
| The second law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
energy naturally flows from states of high energy to low energy; some energy is lost at each transformation
to states of low energy (high entropy). |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which coal can be converted into synthetic gas (syngas) |
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Term
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Definition
| one in which there is no oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| black coal, called bituminous coal, is valuable as a fuel source for generating electricity and to manufacture coke for use in the steel industry |
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Term
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Definition
| is a glossy, almost metallic-looking substance; densest and highest energy coal |
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Term
| Synthetic fuels, or Synfuels |
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Definition
are liquefied fuels obtained from nonpetroleum sources such as coal, natural gas or
biomass feedstocks through chemical conversion. |
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Term
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Definition
By far the largest reserves of natural fuels are the various types of coal. The known reserves of coal are estimated to last about 200 years at the current rate of consumption.
The largest reserves of coal are in Australia, China, Russia, and the United States. |
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Term
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Definition
Of the three fossil fuels, the known reserves of crude oil are estimated to last about 45 years at current consumption and will dramatically decrease if consumption increases.
The largest reserves are in the
Middle East, which increases the potential for disruption in the world oil supply due to unstable govern-
ments, friction between the countries in the Middle East, and the recent wars in Iraq. |
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Term
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Definition
At current consumption rates, the known reserves of natural gas are estimated to last 60 years.
Europe has approximately 42 percent of the known reserves, while the Middle East has about 34 percent and the United States has about 3 percent. |
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Term
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Definition
| were designed and built during the 1950s and 1960s. Very few of these early designs are still running; expected to last about 40 years. |
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Term
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Definition
| are in use today and are known as Pressurized Water Reactors, Boiling Water Reactors, and Heavy Water Reactors. |
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Term
| Pressurized water reactors |
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Definition
the most common type of reactors in use today; use ordinary water
as both a coolant and a moderator. They have a primary and secondary circuit. |
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Term
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Definition
| use ordinary water as both a coolant and a moderator. Using a single circuit, water is supplied under low pressure to cool the reactor. |
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Term
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Definition
| use uranium (U-235) as fuel and requires a more efficient moderator, heavy water; made up of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen that contains an extra neutron, making it heavier than water. |
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Term
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Definition
| incorporate the most current technologies but very few have gone online. These reactors are similar to generation II reactor designs but incorporate improved fuel technology, thermal efficiency, passive supply systems, and a standardized design. |
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Term
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Definition
are mostly theoretical in nature at this time and are not expected to be feasible
before the year 2030. Among the many types of experimental nuclear reactors are fast-breeder reactors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Add insulation to help hold in warm air in the winter and cool air in the summer, while blocking the unwanted heating and cooling effects of outside air. |
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Term
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Definition
| Add weather stripping to reduce drafts around door frames. |
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Term
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Definition
Lower the thermostat in the winter and raise it in the summer to use less energy. Instead, compensate by
wearing warmer clothing in the winter and cooler clothing in the summer. Also, install thermostats on each floor to more efficiently regulate temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
Replace single-pane windows with double- or triple-pane windows filled with noble gases, which cut down
heat exchange through windows. |
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Term
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Definition
Replace older equipment with more energy-efficient appliances. This may include water heaters, washers
and dryers, dishwashers, heaters, air conditioners, stoves, and refrigerators. |
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Term
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Definition
Cut down on energy loss through items that are plugged in but not turned on. Unplug electrical equipment
when not in use. |
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Term
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Definition
Add ceiling fans. A reversible ceiling fan can change the direction of the circulating air, and any ceiling fan
can redistribute the hot air during the winter or the cool air during the summer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use electronic switches to turn on and off the heater and air conditioner. |
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Term
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Definition
| Buy a more fuel-efficient vehicle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintain vehicles with proper tire inflation and tune-ups. |
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Term
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Definition
| pollution sources move from one location to another as the vehicle drives. |
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Term
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Definition
| pollution emitted by a single location; electric power plant where the car’s electricity originates, which may burn coal, natural gas, or petroleum |
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Term
| Passive solar energy systems |
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Definition
| require no moving parts and, thus, no input of electrical activity. These include both gravity-fed heating systems and photovoltaic cells, which capture the sun’s energy to generate electricity. |
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Term
| Active solar energy systems |
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Definition
| use pumps and fans to move water heated by the sun throughout buildings, requiring some input of electrical energy. This hot water can be used to heat the house and can be used as hot water for cleaning and bathing. |
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