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Chapter 5
Vocab Terms
18
Chemistry
10th Grade
03/25/2012

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Term
Periodic Law
Definition
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
Term
Lanthanides
Definition
58-71 (Atomic Number) Elements
Term
Actinides
Definition
90-103 (Atomic Number) Elements
Term
Alkali Metals
Definition
Group 1 Elements; Highly Reactive, silvery appearance and are soft enough to cut through with a knife.
Term
Alkaline Earth Metals
Definition
Group 2 Elements; Highly reactive, yet less reactive than group 1, harder, denser, stronger, and higher melting points.
Term
Transition Metals
Definition
d-block elements are metals with typical metallic properties and are often referred to as transition elements.
Term
Main-Group Elements
Definition
P and S-Block elements together.
Term
Halogens
Definition
Most reactive non-metals in Group 17
Term
Atomic Radius
Definition
1/2 Distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together.
Term
Atomic Radii
Definition
Increase down a group (up to down), decrease across a period (left to right).
Term
Ionization energy
Definition
Energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element.
Term
Ionization Energy
Definition
Increase across a period (left to right), decrease down a group (up to down).
Term
Electron Affinity
Definition
The energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom.
Term
Cation
Definition
Positive Ion
Term
Anion
Definition
Negative Ion
Term
Valence Electrons
Definition
The electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds.
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
Measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound.
Term
Ion
Definition
Atom or group of bonded atoms that have a positive or negative charge.
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