Term
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Definition
| a molecule bound reversibly by a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| a site on the protein where a ligand binds; it is complementary to the ligand in size, shape, charge, & hydrophobic or hydrophilic character |
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Term
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Definition
| the structural adaptation that occurs between protein & ligand |
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Term
| What are the enzymatic equivalents of "ligands" & "binding sites" for proteins? |
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Definition
ligand --> substrate
binding site --> catalytic site (active site) |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein-bound prosthetic group into which iron is incorporated in multicellular organisms in which iron (in its oxygen-carrying capacity) must be transported over large distances |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex organic ring structure in heme to which a single iron atom is bound in its ferrous state |
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Term
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Definition
| a system to which the iron atom has four of its six coordination bonds bonded to nitrogen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| a widespread family of proteins that all have similar primary & tertiary structures |
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Term
| Ka (association constant) |
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Definition
| a term that describes the equilibrium between the complex & the unbound components of the complex |
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Term
| dissociation constant (Kd) |
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Definition
| the reciprocal of Ka in units of molar concentration |
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Term
| 2 types of leukocytes that provide for immunity & develop from undifferentiated stem cells in the bone marrow |
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Definition
1. macrophages
2. lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| directed at bacterial infections & extracellular viruses but can also respond to individual foreign proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| destroys host cells infected by viruses & also destroys some parasites & foreign tissues |
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Term
| antibodies (immunoglobulins) (Ig) |
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Definition
| soluble proteins at the heart of the humoral immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| produce immunoglobins; named because they complete their development in the bone marrow |
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Term
| cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) |
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Definition
| a class of T lymphocytes (T cells) that are the agents at the heart of the cellular immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that are in charge of recognition of infected cells or parasites; found on the surface of Tc cells |
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Term
| helper T cells (Th cells) |
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Definition
| work with cytotoxic T cells to produce soluble signaling proteins (cytokines) such as the interleukins |
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Term
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Definition
| the process that increases the number of immune system cells that can respond to a particular pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| any molecule or pathogen capable of eliciting an immune response |
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Term
| antigenic determinant (epitope) |
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Definition
| a particular molecular structure within the antigen to which an individual antibody or T-cell receptor binds |
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Term
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Definition
| the major class of antibody molecule & one of the most abundant proteins in the blood serum |
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Term
| 2 things that the protease papain liberates through cleavage |
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Definition
1. Fc (the basal fragment that crystallizes readily)
2. Fab (the antigen-binding fragments) |
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Term
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Definition
| the characteristic structure that the constant domains have & is a well-conserved structural motif the all-beta class of proteins |
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Term
| 2 immunoglobulins that have overall structures similar to IgG |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. a monomeric, membrane-bound form
2. a secreted form that is a cross-linked pentamer of the basic structure |
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Term
| Which immunoglobulin is found in secretions such as saliva, tears, & milk & can be a monomer, dimer, or trimer? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| antibodies produced by many different B lymphocytes responding to one antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesized by a population of identical B cells (a clone) grown in cell culture |
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Term
| What is an ELISA used for? |
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Definition
| rapidly screening for & quantifying an antigen in a sample |
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Term
| What make up the 6 subunits of myosin? |
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Definition
| 2 heavy chains & 4 light chains |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by aggregation of molecules of myosin in muscle cells |
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Term
| 3 things that make up thin filaments |
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Definition
1. F-actin
2. troponin
3. tropomyosin |
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Term
| How many myofibrils does each muscle fiber contain? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a system of flat membranous vesicles that surrounds each myofibril |
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Term
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Definition
| a thin structure that bisects the I band; runs perpendicular to the thin filaments & serves as an anchor to which the thin filaments are attached |
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Term
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Definition
| a thin line that bisects the A band; AKA M disk; a region of high electron density in the middle of the thick filaments |
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Term
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Definition
| the entire contractile unit consisting of bundles of thick filaments interleaved at either end with bundles of thin filaments |
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Term
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Definition
1. alpha-actinin
2. desmin
3. vimentin |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of proteins that is the largest single poly-peptide chain & links the thick filaments to the Z disk to provide additional organization to the overall structure |
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Term
| 2 major conformations of hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when oxygen is absent & the T state is more stable & is therefore the predominant conformation |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein in which the binding of a ligand to one site affects the binding properties of another site on the same protein |
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Term
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Definition
| the interaction when the normal ligand & modulator are identical |
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Term
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Definition
| the interaction when the modulator is a molecule other than the normal ligand |
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Term
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Definition
| written nh, it is the slope of a Hill plot; a measure of the degree of cooperativity |
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Term
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Definition
| the model in which ligand binding can induce a change of conformation in an individual subunit |
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Term
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Definition
| the effect of pH & CO2 concentration on the binding & release of oxygen by hemoglobin |
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Term
| What type of modulation is demonstrated by the interaction of 2,3-biphosphoglycerate (BPG) with hemoglobin molecules? |
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Definition
| heterotropic allosteric modulation |
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Term
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Definition
| lowered oxygenation of peripheral tissues due to inadequate functioning of the lungs or circulatory system |
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