Term
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Definition
| Choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal. |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Planning |
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Definition
Impedes change
false sense of certainty
Detachment of planners |
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Term
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Definition
Effort
Persistence
Direction
Task Strategies |
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Term
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Definition
1. Set goals
2. Develop commitment
3. Develop effective action plans
4. Track progress toward goal achievement
5. Maintain flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Timely |
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Term
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Definition
| The determination to achieve a goal |
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Term
| How to Develop Commitment |
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Definition
Set goals participatively
Make goals public
Obtain top management support |
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Term
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Definition
Specific Steps: How
People: Who
Resources: What
Time Period: When |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Long term or primary goals |
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Term
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Definition
Making small, simultaneous investments in many alternative plans
Leave comments open by maintaining slack resources |
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Term
| Levels of Planning: Top Managers |
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Definition
Strategic plans
Purpose statement
Strategic Objectives |
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Term
| Levels of Planning: Middle Managers |
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Definition
Tactical Plans
Management-By-Objectives |
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Term
| Levels of Planning: First-Line Managers |
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Definition
Single-use Plans
Standing Plans - policies, procedures, rules & regulations
Budgets |
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Term
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Definition
| A systematic process in which managers define problems, evaluate alternatives, and choose optimal solutions |
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Term
| Steps of Rational Decision Making |
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Definition
Define the problem
Identify decision criteria
weight the criteria
Generate alternative courses of action
Evaluate each alternative
Compute the optimal decision |
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Term
| Advantages of Group Decision Making |
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Definition
Ideas
Information
Alternatives
Commitment |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Group Decision Making |
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Definition
Groupthink
Time consuming
Domination
Less accountability |
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Term
| Group Decision Making: Structured Conflict |
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Definition
C-Type v. A-Type
Devil's Advocacy
-Generate a potential solution
-Assign devil's advocate to criticize and question the solution
-Present critique of the potential solution to decision makers
-Gather additional relevant information
-Decide whether to use, change, or not use the original solution |
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Term
| Group Decision Making: Nominal Techinique |
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Definition
-Members individually write down as many problem definitions and alternative solutions
-Group leader asks each group member to share one idea at a time with the group
-Group discusses advantages and disadvantages of ideas
-Members independently rank the ideas presented
-Members read their rankings aloud
-Idea with the highest average rank is selected. |
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Term
| Group Decision Making: Delphi Techinique |
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Definition
Members of a panel of experts respond to questions and to each other until reaching agreement on an issue
-Assemble a panel of experts
-create a questionnaire of open ended questions
-panel members' written responses are analyzed, summarized, and fed back to the panel for reactions
-continue process until panel reaches an agreement. |
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Term
| Group Decision Making: Electronic Brainstorming |
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Definition
4 Rules
-The more ideas, the better
-Use ideas to generate more ideas
-all ideas are acceptable
-criticism or evaluation of ideas is not allowed |
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