Term
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Definition
| Creating and testing models that may suggest cause-and-effect relationships among behaviors. |
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Term
| Coefficient of Determination (r^2) |
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Definition
| In a correlational study, an estimate of the amount of variability in scores on one variable that can be explained by the other variable. |
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Definition
| The degree of relationship between two traits, behaviors, or events, represented by r. |
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Definition
| A study designed to determine the correlation between two traits, behaviors, or events. |
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Term
| Cross-lagged Panel Design |
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Definition
| A method in which the same set of behaviors or characteristics are measured at two separate points in time (often years apart); six different correlations are computed, and the pattern of correlations is used to infer the causal direction. |
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Definition
| A method in which different groups of subjects who are at different stages are measured at a single point in time; a method that looks for time-related changes. |
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Definition
| A study in which a researcher systematically examines the effects of pre-existing subject characteristics (often call subject variables) by forming groups based on these naturally occurring differences between subjects. |
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Term
| Linear Regression Analysis |
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Definition
| A correlation-based method for estimating a score on one measured behavior from a score on the other when two behaviors are strongly related. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method in which the same group of subjects is followed and measured at different points in time; a method that looks for changes across time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Statistical intercorrelations among three or more behaviors, represented by R. |
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Term
| Multiple Regression Analysis |
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Definition
| A correlation-based technique (from multiple correlation) that uses a regression equation to predict the score on one behavior from scores on the other related behaviors. |
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Definition
| The relationship existing between two variables such that an increase in one is associated with a decrease in the other; also called an inverse relationship. |
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Term
| Nonequivalent Groups Design |
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Definition
| A design in which the researcher compares the effects of different treatment conditions on preexisting groups of participants. |
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Term
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Definition
| An analysis that allows the statistical influence of one measured variable to be held constant while computing the correlation between the other two measured variables. |
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Term
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Definition
| An important correlation-based method in which subjects are measured on several related behaviors; the researcher creates (and tests) models of possible causal sequences using sophisticated correlational techniques. |
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Term
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Definition
| The relationship between two measures such that an increase in the value of one is associated with an increase in the value of the other; also called a direct relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
| A research design used to assess whether the occurrence of an event alters behavior; scores from measurements made before and after the event (called the pretest and posttest) are compared. |
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Term
| Quasi-experimental Designs |
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Definition
| Often seem like (as the prefix quasi- implies) real experiments, but they lack one or more of its essential elements, such as manipulation of antecedents and random assignment to treatment conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The line of best fit; represents the equation that best describes the mathematical relationship between two variables measured in a correlational study. |
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Term
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Definition
| A graph of data from a correlational study, created by plotting pairs of scores from each subject; the value of one variable is plotted on the X (horizontal) axis and the other variable on the Y (vertical) axis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relationships between pairs of scores from each subject. |
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Term
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Definition
| The characteristics of the subjects in an experiment or quasi-experiment that cannot be manipulated by the researcher; sometimes used to select subjects into groups. |
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