Term
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Definition
Age of fetus or newborn in weeks from first day of mother's last normal menstrual period
Normal is 38-42 weeks |
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Term
Sensorimotor development
Prenatal period |
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Definition
Responds to tactile stimuli
Reflex development
Innate tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular reactions |
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Term
Neonatal Period
Sensorimotor development |
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Definition
Tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular inputs are critical from birth in development of body scheme
Vestibular system - fully developed at birth is refined and impacts infants arousal level to feel more organized
Visual system develops with faces and items placed 10 inches from face
Auditory system is immature and develops |
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Term
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Definition
Vestibular, proprioceptive, visual systems become more integrated and lay foundation for postural control which steadies visual field
Tactile and proprioceptive continue
Visual and tactile become more integrated as child reaches out
Movement patterns go from reflexive to voluntary and goal directed. |
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Term
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Definition
Vestibular, visual, and somatosensory continues with more mobility
Development of fine motor and motor planning skills
Tactile and proprioceptive responses lead to midline skills
Auditory, tactile and proprioceptive are heightened
Primitive self feeding with Tactile, proprioceptive, gustatory, and olfactory integrated.. |
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Term
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Definition
Tactile perception more precise, allowing for discrimination and localization
Integration of all systems for complex motor planning w/ expanded movements
Symbolic gesturing and vocalization, ideation, conceptualizing
motor planning to master environment |
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Term
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Definition
Refinement of all systems to improve balance and postural control
Tactile discrimination w/ improved fine motor skills
Motor planning and praxis ideation progress |
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Term
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Definition
Child challenges sensorimotor competencies through roughhouse, play, playground activities, games, chores, school etc.
These provide self-esteem and social development |
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Term
| Reflex development and integration |
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Definition
Motor response via tactile, proprioceptive, vestibular stimulation.
Primitive reflexes integrate after one year.
CNS dysfunction interferes with motor milestone attainment, patterns of movement, musculoskeletal alignment, and function when primitive reflexes persist
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Term
Reflexes
Onset age at 28 -37 weeks and
Integrate at between 2 and 6 collectively |
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Definition
Rooting
Suck-swallow
Traction
Moro
Galant
ATNR
Palmar Grasp
TL Supine, TL Prone, |
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Term
Reflexes
Onset age 28 weeks
Integrate at 9 months |
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Definition
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Term
Reflexes integrate at birth - 2months and
Persists |
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Definition
| Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting |
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Term
Reflex
Onset 3-4 months
Integrate 12-24 |
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Definition
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Term
Reflex
Onset age 4-6 months
Integrate 8-12 months |
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Definition
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Term
Reflexes
Onset age 4-6 months
Integrates at 5 years or persists |
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Definition
neck righting
Body righting (on body) (BOB)
Downward parachute |
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Term
Reflexes
Onset age 5-12 or 12-21
Integration age Persists |
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Definition
Forward parachute
Sideward parachute
Backward parachute
Prone tilting
Supine tilting and sitting tilting
Quadruped tilting
Standing tilting |
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Term
Sensorimotor Development
Mobility and Stability
0-3 |
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Definition
Prone - Turns head, lifts head & sustains in midline and rotates, bends hips, bear weight on forearm, tuck chin gaze at hands, shifts weight on forearms and colapses
Supine - Held held to one side and turns head side to side.
Sitting - Head bobs in sitting, back is rounded, hips apart and tured out, head is steady, sits with support, hips bent shoulders in front of hips, gaze at floor w/ chin tuck
Standing - takes some wight on legs, and legs give way.
Release - No release grasp reflex is strong, and 1-4 months involuntary release. |
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Term
Sensorimotor Development
Mobility and Stability
4-6 months |
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Definition
Prone - Shifts weight on forearms / reaches forward, bears weight on extemded arms, legs closer together, hips are flat, equilibrium reactions are present
Supine - hold head in midline, chin is tck, legs come together, lower back flattens on floor, head lag is gone when pulled to a sitting position, hands are together in space, lifts head I, brings feet to mouth, reach for toy w/ 1 or both hands, hands are open mostly
Rolling - Rolls from prone to side and from supine to side, then progresses to rolls from both positions w/ legs performing Independently
Sitting - Sits alone briefly, increased extension in back, sits propping forward on arms, wide base, uses "high guard" position, protective responses.
Standing - Bears weight on legs, must be help proximally, head is up in midline, pelvis and hips are behind shoulders, legs are apart, may be held by arms or hands, bounces in standing position, starts to stand while holding onto furniture
Release - Mutual fingering in midline, transfers object from hand to hand, two stage transfer, grasps then releases with both hands |
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Term
Sensorimotor Development
Mobility and Stability
6-12 months |
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Definition
Prone - Airplane posturing in prone (chest and thighs) pivots and moves to sit and begins to dislike prone position
Supine- Equilibrium reactions are present
Rolling - rolls segmentally roll initiated by head, shoulder, or hips
Creeping - Crawls on belly, reciprocal creep, creeps on hands and feet, creeps well.
Sitting - Gets to sitting from prone, plays with toys in sitting, rotates UB, protective responses are present, sits well without support, legs are closer, more positions while playing, rises to sit from supine, protective extension backwards, goes in and out of sitting easily, trunk control and equilibrium are fully developed, can sit from rolling to side and pushing up.
Standing - Pulls to standing at furniture, rotates trunk over lower extrmities, lower extremities more active in standing and eventually doesn't need arms, stands alone momentarily, and at 12 months equilibrium reactions are present in standing.
Walking - 8 months cruises sideways, then around furniture, with hands held, 9 months - I steps, falls easily, walks with one hand, no hesitation in cruising. At 15-18 months start and stops in walking and can begin to run with eyes on ground
Release - Volitional release, presses down on surface to release, releases above surface with wrist flexion, releases into a container with wrist straight, clumsy release into small container, then 12-15 months precise controlled release into small container with wrist extended. |
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Term
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Definition
Visual regard with closed hand and abducted shoulder to swipe at things
Hands come together at midline for bilateral reaching and finger extension (4 months)
Increased dissociation of body sides, hand is more open for unilateral reaching (6 months)
Trunk stability improvesshoulder flexion, elbow extension, forearm supination (9 months) |
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Term
Erhardt prehension and grasping skills
Pellet skills |
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Definition
Pellet grasp
6 months - Raking and contacting object
7 months - inferier-scissors grasp
8 monhts - scissors grasp between thumb and side of finger
9 months - inferior pincer grasp, beginning of thumb opposition
10 months - pincer grasp
12 months - Fine pincer grasp (rounded) |
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Term
Erhardt prehension and grasping skills
Cube skills |
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Definition
4 months - primitive squeeze grasp, thumb tucked
5 months - palmar grasp with thumb adducted
7 monnths - Radial-palmar grasp, opposed thumb, wrist straight
9 months - Radial Digital, wrist extended, opposition and fingers with space between object and hand |
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Term
Erhardt Prehension Skills
Release, Carrying Bilateral, Manipulating skills, prewriting, scissor skills |
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Definition
Refinement of release skills continue to age of 4, by 9 months full arm extension with voluntary release.
Bilateral hand use is asymmetric, then symmetric by 10 months, then uses both hands for different functions 12-18 to months and then progresses
Manipulation skills at 18-24 manipulation skills,
12-15 months - Finger to palm translation
2-2.5 - Palm to finger translation and simple rotation - turning bottle cap, coins
3 - shift - separating 2 pieces of paper
6-7 yearsComplex rotation - turning over pencil and in-hand manipulation is using both sides of hand
Prewriting
1-1.5 Palmar-supinate
2-3 digital pronate
3.5-4 Static tripod
4.5 - 6 dynamic tripod
Scissor use
Shows an interest 2-3 years open and close
3-4 manipulates scissors forward and in coordinated fashion
3.5 - 4.5 cuts circles and simple shapes
4-7 - cuts simple to complex figure shapes |
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Term
| Basic Psychosocial Theories |
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Definition
Erikson - 8 stages
0-18 months - Trust vs. mistrust
2-4 years - Autonomy vs. doubt/shame
preschool - Initiative vs. guit
elementary age - Industry vs. inferiority
teenage years - Self-identity vs. role diffusion
young adulthood - Intimacy and solidarity vs. isolation
middle adult hood - Generativity vs. self-absorption
maturity - Integrity vs. despair
Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development
0-8 Preconventional morality, punishment instrumental relativism.
9-10 conventional morality laws, social conformaty
varied - postconventional morality - awareness of legal implications
Maslow -
Basic Needs,
Safety,
Love and Belonging,
Self-esteem, Self-actualization |
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Term
| Cognitive Development - Theory |
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Definition
Piaget
Adaptation, Mental Schemes, Operations Adapted intelligence, equilibrium assimilation, accommodation.
0-2 years - Sensorimotor period
2-4 months - reflexive cause/effect & movement
5-8 months - voluntary cause/effect and movement
9-12 months - object permanent, coordination of schema
12-18 months - Seeks out new schemes, toole use
18-2 years - Insight, concepts
2-7 Years is Preoperational Phase
204 years expands vocabulatry
4-7 years -intuitive thought phase
7-11 years Concrete Operation
11-teen - Formal Operations |
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Term
| Cognitive Milestones - development |
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Definition
6-9
Explores objects, plays with objects, finds object, anticipating, consequences
9-12 months - relation between complex actions, use a tool, goal directed behavior
12-15 months - acts on objects and uses and links scemes, recruits help, uses trial and error, basic make believe, then project make believe, imitating.
18-24 months - attends to shapes, thinks before acting, operate mechanical toy, predict, matches and manipulates shapes, pretending with non-realistic objects, doll washing.
24 months - 30 months - sets up feeding for doll, discriminates sizes, build with blocks vertical/horizontal, sees relationships between actions.
30 months plus - Build 9 cube tower, organize objects, build, utilize spatial awareness, cause and effect. |
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Term
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Definition
0-2 years
Develops body scheme, exploration with parent
2-4 years
Engages in formulated play, with language development, mastery preferred, parallel play
4-7 years
Sensory, motor, cognitive, and social play experiences, exploring school and woor skills, cooperative play
7-12 years
Play with rules, participate in cooperative and competition, friends are important |
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Term
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Definition
0-6 Takes cereal plays with caregiver during meals
6-12 - Attempts to hold bottle, easily distracted, holds and tries to eat cracker, bangs spoon, emerging sense of self, then finger feeds
1 year - uses spoon with spilling then scoops food, cooperates with dressing doffs shoes/socks, indicates discomfort when wet or soilet, sits on toilet short time
2 year - uses fork proficient with spoon, removes coat, finds armholes in shirt, pulls down pants, unbuttons large buttons, assist in socks. Puts toys away, Urinates regularly, can regulate toileting, doesn't have bowel accidents, needs reminders, tells someone.
3 year - puts on shirt, shoes, socks, zips, pulls down pants, carries things, dusts, dries, gardens, wipes up spills, goes to bathroom independently, may need help with wiping and fasteners Unbuckles, puts on mittens, snaps
4 years - removes pulloever, puts on sooks, laces shoes, knows front and back, indpeendent with all toileting, fixes dry cereal, helps with laundry, puts belt on
5 years old - Ties and unties knots, dresses I, ties bows and buttons, takes out trash, makes bed, answers telephone correctly
6-14 years for cleaning Does errands, chores, crosses street safely, Can begin to cook simple meals, manages small amounts of money. washes dishes and cares for pets with reminder, etc. |
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Term
| Getting Developmental History |
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Definition
| Get specifics of pregnancy ad birth history - age, etc., Apgar score of 10 is highest you can get and it measures, heart rate, respiratin, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and color. Medical history, Developmental history, and Parent Interview |
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Term
| Assessment of Newborn, Infant Child |
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Definition
1. Neurobehavior subsystem - Autonomic system, Motor system (tone), Emotional State, Attention-interaction, Self-regulation, Reflex testing,
2. Musculoskeletal status ROM, posture, deformities
3. Developmental Assessments, clinical observation |
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Term
| Developmental Assessments of Neonates |
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Definition
APIB Assessment of Premature Infants' Behavior. Assess response to sensory and environmental stiuli
NAPFI - Neurological Assessment of Pre-term and Full-term New-born Infant - Rating scale neurological exam, tone, habituation, reflexes, arousal, auditory and visual orientation, irritability, consolability. |
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Term
| Denver Developmental Screening Test II |
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Definition
Standardized test for personal-social, fine motor-adaptive, language, and gross motor skills, 125 test items, questions for parents checklists of behaviors determines normal, abnormal, questionable, or unstable
Used with 1 month to 6 years |
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Term
| Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) |
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Definition
Standardized for Cognitive, language, motor, performance based tasks, and social-emotional and adaptive behavior skills
Used with 1-42 months |
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Term
| First STEP Screening test for Evaluating Preschoolers |
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Definition
Checklist and rating scale identifies fisk identified by IDEA: Cognition, communication, physical, social, emotional and adaptive. Table top tasks
Used with 2.9 - 6.2 years. |
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Term
| Hawaii Early Larning Profile Revised (HELP) |
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Definition
Non-standardized test looks at cognitive, language, gross motor, fine motor, social-emotional and self help Uses a protocol, using a checklist
Used with 0-3 years and Preschool one for ages 3-6 years. |
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Term
| Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP) |
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Definition
Standardized task screening tool assesses sensory and motor abilities, cognitive, verbal, and complex tasks. compared to norms, percentile equivalent
Used with 2.9-5.8 years |
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Term
| PEDI Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory |
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Definition
Standardized behavior checklist assesses developmental level, observations and scoring of self-care, mobility, and social skills.
Used with ages 6 months to 7 years. |
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Term
| BOT-2 Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency |
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Definition
Standardized test fine and gross motor, speed, accuracy, coordination, precision, integration, balance etc. hand/foot preference
Ages 4 to 21 years. |
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Term
| EDPA Erhardt Developmental Prehension Test |
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Definition
Observation checklist for arm/hand
Used with children of all ages and cognitive levels |
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Term
| Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - 2 |
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Definition
Standardizd rating scales of gross and fine motor development, reflexes, control, locomotion, grasping, manipulation and VMI
Used with 0 - 6 years old |
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Term
| Toddler Infant Motor Evaluation (TIME) |
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Definition
used to assess mobility, stability, motor organization, social emotional and functional performance
Used with 0-3.6 years. |
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Term
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Definition
Assesses visual motor integration
Used with children 2-18 years |
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Term
| DTVP Developmental Test of Visual Perception |
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Definition
Assesses visual perceptual skills and visual motor integration
Used with children ages 4-10 years or 11 to 74 |
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Term
| Erhardt Develoopmental Vision Assessment (EDVA) |
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Definition
| Behavior rating scale to determine visuo motor development and involuntary and voluntary visual patterns. |
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Term
| Preschool Visual Motor Integration Assessment (PVMIA) |
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Definition
Standardized norm reference test that looks at VI, visual perception skills including perception in space, awareness of spatial relationships, color and space discrimination, ability to reproduce what is seen
Standard scores below 80 and below 25 % are indicated impairments
Used with preschoolers 3.5 to 5.5 years |
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Term
| MVPT-3 Motor Free Visual Perception Test |
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Definition
Standardized test look at spatial relationships, visual discrimination, figure-ground, visual closure, and visual memory
Average scores between 80 and 120
Used with ages 4-95 years old |
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Term
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Definition
evaluates hemi-field visual neglect or abnormal visual saccades
Used with children and adults with visual field and impairments |
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Term
| TVMS Test of Visual Motor skills |
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Definition
Assesses eye hand coordination skills for copying geometric designs
Used with 2- 13 years old or 12-40 years |
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Term
| TVPS Test of Visual Perceptual skills |
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Definition
looking at all V/P skills
Used with ages 4-19 |
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Term
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Definition
measures sensory experiences
Used for 3-10,
0-36 months
or adolescent/adult |
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Term
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Definition
Assesses play behavior and play opportunities,
Children and adults |
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Term
| Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale (RKPPS) |
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Definition
Observations in an indoor and outdoor setting, space management, material management, pretense/symbolic (and participation
Used with 0-6 and children who cannot do standardized test |
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Term
| Test of Playfulness (TOP) |
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Definition
Assess child's playfulness on observations based on intrinsic motivation, internal control, disengagement from constraints of reality and framing
Used for 15 months to 10 years |
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Term
| Transdisciplinary Play-Based Assessment TPBA) |
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Definition
Measures child's development, learning style, interaction patterns, and behaviors to determine need.
Ages 15 months to 10 years |
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Term
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Definition
A measure of restrictionsin social participation related to community mobility, access to work, recreation, and social interaction with family, peers and neighbors
Population: 5 years and older with physical disabilities |
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Term
| School Function Assessment (SFA) |
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Definition
| Assesses functional performance in school environment |
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Term
| Havighurst Developmental Theory |
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Definition
Six stages
Tasks of infancy and childhood - conscience evolves, emotional ties with parents
Tasks of middle childhood - physical skills, healthy self-concept, morality values, opinions about social groups
Adolescence - relationships with male/female friends, develop social roles, develop value system, prepare for marriage and family life
Adulthood - Choose a partner, family occupation
Middle adulthood - Guide adolescents, accept physiologic changes, care for parents
Later adulthood - cope with health, change social roles |
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Term
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Definition
| Facilitate development and assist in mastery of life tasks and cope with life expectations |
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Term
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Definition
Recapitulation of ontogenesis frame of reference
Development of adaptive skills in 6 major areas
Sensory integration of vestibular, proprioceptive, and tactile.
Cognitive skills to organize sensory information and problem solve
Dyadic Interaction skills - Family, playmate, authority, friend, peer Relationships
Group interaction skills - Parallel, Project, egocentric, cooperative, mature
Self-identity skills - perceive self as autonomous
Sexual identity skill |
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Term
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Definition
Any behavior toward a child that endangers, impairs a child's physical or emotional health and development
PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL OR MENTAL, SEXUAL, NEGLECT.
Know symptoms of it
Mandated reporters by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)
OT intervention - Treat injuries, develop trusting relationship, provide support of non-abusive caregivers, refer to appropriate disciplines and agencies. |
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Term
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Definition
Biology of aging changes
Leading cause of death, CHD, Cancer, Stroke, COPD, Pneumonia/Flu
Leading cause of chronic/disability - Arthritis, HTN, Hearing, Heart impairments, cataracts/sinusitis, orthopedic, diabetes and visual |
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Term
| Strategies to help with age related changes |
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Definition
Correct medical problems
Increase levels of physical and functional activity programs, strength training, flexibility and ROM changes
For skeletal system changes, Maintain weight bearing, do postural exercises, walking, nutritional, hormonal, and medical therapies.
Neurologic Changes - Correct medical problems, improve diet, increase physical activity and circulation, provide strategies to improve motor learning
Sensory changes - see other cards |
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Term
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Definition
Vision - Cataracts, clouding, gradual loss of acuity,
Glaucoma - increased pressure - loss of peripheral vision, can lead to blindness
macular degeneration - loss of central vision, decreased blood floor, sensitivity to light/glare, can go blind
Diabetic retinopathy - damage to capillaries, hhemorrhage can lead to retinal detachmnet, central vision is impaired
CVA homonymous hemianopsia los of 1/2 visual field in each eye
Medications cause vision problems
Strategies, Assess, increase sensory thresholds, work in adequate light, large print, magnifying, eye patch, use warm colors, safety education |
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Term
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Definition
Conductive-mechanical hearing loss, all frequencies, and tinnitus (ringing)
Sensorineural - central or neural, noise, trauma, drugs
Presbycusis - sensorineural hearing loss - bilateral, high frequencies poor discrimination and comprehension
Otosclerosis - immobility of stapes
Pagets disease
Hypothyroidism -
Assess for type, hearing aids, minimize auditory distractions, adaptive, written directions, orient, slow, assistive devices throughout |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of vestibular hair-cell receptors, changes in otoconia of utricle and saccule. begins at 30 and continues
Diminished reaction times,
Head moveents, blurred vision
Altered sensory organization
Unable to resolve sensory conflicts
Postural responses
Meniere's disease - dizziness, pressure, tinnitus
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
Medications
Stroke
Cerebellar dysfunction
Migraine Cardiac Disease
Increased incidence of falls |
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Term
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Definition
Decreased touch, proprioception, joint receptors, pain thresholds,
Diabetes peripheral neuropathy, CVA, central sensory losses
peripheral vascular disease ischemia
Assess carefully, allow time, use touch, a/e for feedback, compensatory strategies, biofeedback |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased hunger, Decreased safety |
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Term
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Definition
Typically not evident til the 60s
short term memory first, and new learning
increased cautiousness, anxiety, sensory deficits, pace of learning, interference from prior learning
Correct medical changes, drug use, nutrition, increase physical and mental activity. |
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Term
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Definition
Assess function/diagnosis
Graded exercise program, training program, walking, pool, consider muscle and joint use and boredom, aerobic activitiy |
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Term
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Definition
Skin, GI, and bowell and bladder
Poor nutrition happens, dehydration, aging problems cause poor nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
Treat, develop relationship, assist in support, refer to appropriate people.
signs, physical, sexual, emotional, neglect, and financial.
Three types - Domestic, Institutional and Self-neglect/abuse |
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