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Chapter 5
no test- just exam
33
Science
8th Grade
05/06/2014

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Term
mineral
Definition
basic material of earth's crust
Term
4 criteria to determine whether a substance is a mineral
Definition
1. is an inorganic solid?
2. does it occur naturally
3. does it have a crystalline structure
4. does it have a consistent chemical composition
Term
organic
Definition
-was once living
-having a carbon basis
Term
how many types of minerals
only ____ are common
Definition
3000
20
Term
2 types of minerals:
Definition
silicate
nonsilicate
Term
silicate
Definition
-contains combination of silicon and oxygen
-quartz and feldspar
Term
quartz
Definition
contains only silicon and oxygen
Term
feldspar
Definition
Silicon + Oxygen + one or more of iron, potassium, sodium and calcium
Term
what is the most common silicate mineral
Definition
feldspar
Term
silicate minerals make up _____% of earth'scrust
Definition
96
Term
nonsilicate minerals
Definition
-6 major groups
-4% of earth's crust
Term
crystal
Definition
a solid whose atoms, ions, and molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
Term
minerologist
Definition
person who studies minerals
Term
7 physical properties that distinguish minerals
Definition
1.color
2.streak
3.luster
4.cleavage and fracture
5.hardness
6.crystal shape
7.density
Term
Color
Definition
-easy to distinguish
-good, but not always reliable
Term
streak
Definition
-color of the mineral in a powdered form
-more reliable than color
-many times streak differs from color
Term
luster
Definition
-the way the mineral reflects light
Term
types of luster
Definition
1.metallic luster
2.glassy
3. waxy
4. pearly
5. brilliant
6. dull, earthy
Term
cleavage
Definition
splits along certain planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces
Term
fracture
Definition
breaks unevenly into pieces with irregular surfaces
Term
Rough Surfaces
Definition
uneven or irregular
Term
broken surfaces
Definition
splintery (like broken wood)
Term
conchoidal
Definition
fractures into a curved surface
Term
hardness
Definition
-the measure of the mineral's ability to resist scratching
-harder mineral can always scratch a softer mineral
-not the measure of the mineral's ability to resist cleavage or fracture
-Moh's hardness scale
Term
crystal shape
Definition
6 types of crystal shapes
Term
density
Definition
P=m/v
Term
Flourescense
Definition
minerals ability to glow under ultraviolet light
Term
phophorescense
Definition
continues to glow after UV light is off
Term
Chatoyancy
Definition
cat's eye effect
pearly, silky appearance
Term
astorism
Definition
*
6 sided star
Term
double refraction
Definition
double image
Term
magnetism
Definition
has iron in it
nonsilicate mineral
Term
radioactivity
Definition
unstable nucleus
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