Term
|
Definition
| central and most highly developed system of communication using sounds, gestures, or marks in a meaningful way |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
INSTINCTIVE SOUNDS and GESTURES that are NATURAL and self-evident conveying emotional or physical state
NOT LEARNED SYMBOLS or signs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"enculturated orangutan"
-learned orangutan sign language (OSL)
-used connected symbolic processes to communicate
was capable of code-switching and lieing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
modern scientific study of all aspects of language
from early asian studies 2000 years ago and european exploration (1400s-1800s) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systematic identification and description of destinctive sounds in a language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smalles units of sound that make a difference in meaning b/t words
-Minimal Pair Test
difference in sound "bit" and "pit," ergo, diff. meanings require diff. symbols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of patterns or rules of word formation in a language, including GUIDELINES of verb tense pluralization and compound words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smallest units of sound that carry meaning
-alter meaning of base word, but no meaning by itself.
Phonemes: cow, bow, low ((Diff. meanings))
Morphemes: cow, cows; cry, cried ((same base words, diff construction)) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patterns or rules by which words are arranged into phrases and sentences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
entire formal structure of language
Morphology and Syntax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unraveling a language by RECORDING, describing, and analyzing all of language features
phonetics, morphology, syntax, grammar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
How language changes over time
i.e. how many languages diverge from Latin |
|
|
Term
| Language in Social and Cultural Settings |
|
Definition
| Speech based on SOCIAL CONTEXT and CULTURAL FACTORS such as gender, age, class, and ethnicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gourp of languages descended from a Single ANCESTRAL language
LINGUISTIC DIVERGENCE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ethnic minorities or countries proclaiming independence by refraining from using foreign language
-French don't like to speak English in France |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
study of the relationship b/t language and SOCIETY
examines ((Sociolinguistic)) social category (age, gender, ethnicity, religion...) influence use and significant styles of speech. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
distinct male and female speech patterns vary across social and cultural settings
men and women have gender specific linguistics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| varied forms of a language reflect particular regions, occupations, or social classes that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
changing from one mode of speech to another as the situation demands
language to other language/dialect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of the relationship b/t langauge and CULTURE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
theoretical concept linking LANGAUGE and CULTURE
stating how words and grammar of language affect how speakers perceive and think about the world |
|
|
Term
| Receptive/Passive Bilingualism |
|
Definition
| comprehending two languages but choosing to respond in only one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| facial expressions and body postures and motions that convey intended/subconscious messages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
study of nonverbal signals in body language
-Facial Expressions, Body Posture, and Motions |
|
|
Term
Proxemics
Edward Hall studied this |
|
Definition
cross-cultural study of people's perception and use of space
4 categories of social space
Intimate - 0-18 inches
Personal-Casual - 1.5-4 feet
Social Consultative - 4-12 ft
Public Distance - 12 ft and more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
voice effects that accompany language and convey meaning.
Vocalizations: giggling, groaning, sighing or voice qualities (pitch and tempo)
"It's not so much what was said, but HOW it was said" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
language where SOUND of PITCH is an essential part of its pronunciation and meaning
i.e. Spanish words depend highly on word pronunciation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
exchange of whistled words as language
-whistled language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set of visible or tactile signs used to represent units of language in a systematic way |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
series of symbols representing the sounds of a language arranged in a traditional order
invented by SEMITIC-speakers 4000 y/a
later developed by PHOENICIANS and Greeks 2800 y/a...then Rome and on and on |
|
|
