Term
| What is a very serious side effect of heparin in 1-3% of patients? |
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Definition
| HIT (heparin induced thrombocytopenia) an immune mediator process that results in development of antibodies that activate platelets |
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Term
| A patients Port-a-cat has become occluded with thrombus. The nurse expects which agent will likely be used to lyse the clot? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aspirin suppresses blood clotting by |
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Definition
| decreasing platelet aggregation |
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Term
| Which anticoagulant is used when needed for pregnant patient because it does NOT cross placenta ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the anticoagulant of choice for long-term maintenance therapy because its given orally? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the drug of choice in acute venous thrombolic disorders because the anticoagulant effects begins immediately with IV? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the antidote for warfarin overdose? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
ANTIPLATELET: Adenosine Diphaphate Receptor Antagonist.
*Reduction of atherosclerotic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular death) in patients with atherosclerosis documented by recent stroke, mi or artery disease.
*Irreversibiliby block the adenosid diphoshate (ADP) receptor on cell membranes preventing platelet aggregation.
*adverse effects: prurite, rash purura diarrhea, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purputa, hemorrhage, |
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Term
| What benifit does DTI's (direct Thrombin Inhibitors have over Heparin and warfin? |
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Definition
inhibition of both circulating and clot-bound thrombin
*acting directly on thrombin molecules |
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Term
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Definition
ANTICOAGULANT-long term prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders
*may also be used after myocardial infarction to decrease infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism and death.
*most commonly used oral anticoagulant
*acts on the liver to prevent vitamin-K dependent clotting factors. Similar to V-K in structure so it acts as competitive antagonist |
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Term
| What is the most effective drugs for reducing serum triglyceride levels? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*cardiovascular risk factors
*elevated waist circumference
*elevated triglycerides
*reduced high density lipoprotien (HDL)
*elevated Blood Pressure
*elevated fasting glucose |
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Term
| What is the most effective drugs for reducing serum triglyceride levels? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
DYSLIPIDEMIC AGENTS- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins):
-decreases production of cholesterol
-increases HDL
_decreases LDL, VLDL, and plasma triglcerides |
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Term
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Definition
-de3creases both cholesterol and triglycerides
-inhibits the metabolation of free fatty acids from peripherial tissues
-most effective drug for increasing the concentration of HDL cholesterol disadvantage=high dose required. |
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Term
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Definition
| -used in the management of patients with elevated blood lipids, a major risk factor in atherosclerosis and vascular disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
FIBRATE; increases the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver and muscle tissue and there by decreased hepatic production of triglicerides
*decreases VLDL
*increases HDL
*Most effective in reducing serum triglyceride levels. |
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Term
| Cholestyramine (Prevalite, Questran) |
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Definition
BILE ACID SEQUESTRANT: binds bile acid in intestinal lumen
-lowers serum cholesteral (LDL)
-increases HDL further reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease
*adverse effects: abdominal fullness, flatulence, and constipation. |
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Term
| Spironolatone (aldactone) |
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Definition
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETIC: -Aldosterone antagonist
-Blocks sodium retaining effects |
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Term
| Clopidogrel is indicated for... |
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Definition
-reduction of myocardial infarction
-stroke-vascular death |
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Term
| A 36-year-old female patient has been taking lovastatin 40mg daily for 6 months to treat mild dyslipedemia. At a appointment she tells the nurse she is 6 weeks pregnant. The nurse counsels the patient to understand that it is likely that her mid-wife will counsel her to...` |
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Definition
| Discontinue the drug during pregnancy |
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Term
| A 48-year-old man visits the health care provider for his annual check-up. He is otherwise in good health, but assessment findings reveal a new onset of slight increase in blood pressure and a total serum cholesterol 240 mg/dl. What can the nurse anticipate as a preferred treatment? |
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Definition
-low lipid diet
-exercise program |
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Term
| Your patient is on niacin(nicotinic acid) to decrease both her cholesterol and her triglycerides. In counseling her about taking this medication you explain that flushing a common adverse effect of niacin therapy can be decreased by |
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Definition
| take 325mg of aspirin 30 min before niacin |
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Term
| The primary focus for prevention and management of metabolic syndrome and its sequelae is... |
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Definition
-high^ HDL
-low LDL
-low total cholesterol |
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Term
| Your patient has not been able to decrease his LDL level with lifestyle management, and his nurse practioner has prescribed HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. You explain to him that drugs commonly called statins are best administered... |
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Definition
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