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Chapter 5
Immune Response
55
Biology
Undergraduate 2
02/19/2014

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Term
Innate Immunity (non-specific)
Definition
Early, rapid response designed to contain infection until more powerful forces come
Ex: skin, mucous membrane
Term
Specific Immunity
Definition
Slower onset, specific response to individual pathogen. Memory, and responds rapid during second encounter
Ex: antigen
Term
Specific Immunity characteristics
Definition
-recognition
-learning
-memory
-self discrimination
Term
Lymphocyte involved in Specific Immunity?
Definition
T lymphocyte
Term
T Lymphocyte
Definition
Specific immunity, mature in thymus, cell mediated immunity
Term
Helper T Cell
Definition
CD4, MHC II, Ag and IL-1 necessary to activate
Term
Cytotoxic T Cell
Definition
CD8 MHC I
Term
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Definition
Functions to allow to recognize that an antigen is foreign, trans membrane glycoproteins
Term
MHC Class 1
Definition
expressed on all nucleated cells and platelets, display antigens, interact with T-cytotoxic cells
Term
MHC Class 2
Definition
Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)
Expressed on dendritic cells, macrophages, b cells, interact with T helper cells
Term
IgM
Definition
1st antibody to appear in response
Term
IgG
Definition
only antibody to cross placenta, second to appear-- class switching approx. 12 days
Term
IgE
Definition
Allergens, trigger mast cells
Term
IgA
Definition
Secretions: breast milk, saliva
Term
IgD
Definition
Cell membranes of B cells
Term
B Lymphocyte
Definition
humoral immunity, mediated by antibodies and is principle defense against toxins, specific epitopes
Term
Natural Killer Cell
Definition
1. antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: kills cells with antibodies
2. tumor surveillance
3. antiviral cytotoxitiy
Term
Primary Immune Response
Definition
IgM
Term
Secondary Immune Response
Definition
Switches to IgG. Produce faster rise in antibody production
factors: age, diet, burns, diabetes, malignancies, iatrogenic (preventable)
Term
Immunization
Definition
Preventive technique of artificially inducing an immune response
Term
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Definition
hemolytic disease of fetus/newborn caused by maternal antibodies against fetal red cells

Mom -, dad + =normal, then disease
Term
Type I: Immediate (anaphylactic) hypersensitivity
Definition
IgE, mast cells, histamine released... allergic reactions
Term
Type II: Antibody-Dependent Cytotoxicity
Definition
IgG/IgM, antigen binds on target cell causing phagocytosis
Erythroblastosis fetalis
ABO blood group
Term
Type III: Immune-Complex-Mediated Hypersensitivity
Definition
auto immune, IgG Ag-Ab complexes to release enzymes
Rheumatoid arthritis
Term
Type IV: Cell-Mediated, Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
Definition
T Cells release cytokines
TB, Type 1 diabetes, poison ivy, fungal infections
Term
B-Cell deficiency
Definition
result in recurrent or overwhelming infections w/virus normally neutralized
Term
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia (b-cell)
Definition
failure of pre-B cells to differentiate into B cells due to absence of B cells/plasma cells
Term
Isolated IgA deficiency (b-cell)
Definition
-most common of primary immune deficiency
-low/absent immunoglobulin A
-patients predisposed to recurrent sinus and pulmonary infection
Term
T-cell deficiency
Definition
results in chronic/recurrent infection with virus, yeasts/fungi, intracellular bacteria
Term
DiGeorge Syndrome (t-cell)
Definition
failure of normal thymus development
facial abnormalities, parathyroid/cardiac defects
Term
Chronic mucocutaneous candidaias (t-cell)
Definition
lack a specific clone of T cells
Term
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)- T-cell
Definition
disorder of t-cell and immunoglobulin production/function
Term
Positive selection
Definition
survival dependent upon ability to bind to MHC; if weak=apoptosis
Term
Negative selection
Definition
high affinity to MHC=apoptosis
Term
antibody
Definition
can act as anopsin
"Y" shaped protein V: antigen binding site, l: Fc fragment-determines biologic function
Term
Cytokines
Definition
non-antibody protein, communicated b/t cells
Term
IL-1
Definition
mediator of inflammation, activates t cells
Term
IL-2
Definition
growth factor of t cells, promotes b cell growth and activates NK cells
Term
Interferon (INF)
Definition
direct inhibition of viral replication, promotes destruction of virally infected cells
Term
Tissue Transplantation
Definition
rejection mechanisms require TH cells comes in contact wit MHC
Term
Host-versus-graft disease
Definition
donor has competent TH cells, they assault patients cells because donors cells recognize the host as foreign
Term
AIDS
Definition
HIV+: tested positive
AIDS Designation: + for HIV and symptomatic
Term
HIV Virus
Definition
RNA, gp120
HIV 1: chimps, international
HIV 2: monkey, AID w/ lower frequency
Term
HIV 1
Definition
HIV virus to CD4 T cell receptor
reverse transcription to RNA and integration of viral DNA into host DNA
Term
Pathogenesis of AIDS
Definition
1. Acute phase: sore throat, fever, swollen glands
2. Chronic: last for years, gradual drop of t4 cells
3. Crisis: t4<200
Term
Systemic Lupus Erythematous
Definition
attacks healthy tissue, leads to chronic inflammation
-butterfly rash
Term
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Definition
autoimmune of connective tissue, chalk like fingers, increased activity of fibroblasts
Term
Sjogren's Syndrom
Definition
destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands, more common in females
Term
Hashimoto Tyroiditis
Definition
most common cause of hyperthyroidism, thyroid gland destruction
Term
innate immunity components
Definition
epithelial barriers, phagocyte leukocytes, NK cells, soluble mediators (opsonin: tags microorganism)
Term
IL-10
Definition
inhibits TH1
Term
Interferon gamma
Definition
inhibits TH2
Term
Active immunization
Definition
induced by vaccination, artificially induces immune response
Term
Passive immunization
Definition
imported from ready-made antibodies from outside the system; lasts weeks/months
Term
immune mechanism
Definition
T cells release cytokines which leads to inflammation and macrophage activation
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