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chapter 5
genetics
16
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2013

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Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
the union of sex cells (female and male)that produces offspring that share traits from both parents this creates genetic diversity among organisms
Term
heredity
Definition
the passing of genetic traits from both parent to offspring
Term
dominant trait
Definition
a trait that can be seen if one or more dominant genes are present (capital letters)
Term
recessive trait
Definition
a trait that is only visible when both genes are recessive, but it is hidden behind a dominant trait if a dominant gene is present
Term
genetics
Definition
the study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles
Term
gene
Definition
section of DNA than holds hereditary information
Term
allele
Definition
one of the alternative forms of a gene that determines a characteristic, such as hair color
Term
heterozygous
Definition
describes a trait that has TWO DIFFERENT ALLELES. (Aa)
Term
homozygous
Definition
describes a trait that has TWO OF THE SAME ALLELES. (AA)
Term
purebred
Definition
an offspring that was given identical genetic information for a traits from each parent. a purebred trait can be AA or aa
Term
phenotype
Definition
an organisms appearance or physical characteristics. this is a trait that you can see without knowing their genetic make up
Term
probability
Definition
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event
Term
punnett square
Definition
a tool use to predict ate probability of certain traits in offspring that sows the different ways alleles can combine
Term
genotype
Definition
the entire genetic makeup of an organism;also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits (Aa)
Term
hybrid
Definition
an offspring that was given different genetic information from each parent for a trait. a hybrid trait would be Aa
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
a phenotype that appears in offspring which is different from either of the parents. traits do NOT mix.
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