Term
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Definition
Small, acellular particles that only can replicate within living host cells
obligate intracellular parasites |
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Term
| Obligate intracellular parasites |
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Definition
| Cannot replicate independenty; need to be in a host cell |
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Term
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Definition
Protective protein shell
Consists of capsomeres |
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Term
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Definition
| The genome (RNA or DNA) (can be double or single stranded) and capsid |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipid bilayer that viruses sometimes have |
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Term
| What do viruses need a host cell for? |
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Definition
All: Cell enzymes for translation
Many: enzymes for various aspets of transcription and/or replication |
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Term
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Definition
| King in Egypt who has been determined to have had smallpox |
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Term
| The beginning of virology |
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Definition
| Ivanovski and Beijerinck (separately) study the effects of a virus (without knowing it was a virus) that infected tobacco plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Yellow fever can be transmitted by mosquitos |
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Term
| Frederick Twort and Felix d'Herelle |
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Definition
Both studied viruses that infect bacteria
#2 Termed bacteriophages |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses that infect bacteria |
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Term
| Diameter of a viral particle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The world's largest virus; 400 nm diameter
Affects amoeba |
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Term
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Definition
| Symmetrically arranged subunits of the capsid |
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Term
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Definition
Helical or icosahedral morphology
Bacteriophages tend to have a icosahedral head and a helical tail of this structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Capsomers form a helix and the capsid resembles a hollow tube |
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Term
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Definition
| Capsomeres form an icosehedron (20-sided) with each capsomere making up the face of the icosahedron |
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Term
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Definition
| The phages/plant viruses are termed this when they consist of just helical nucleocapsids |
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Term
Non-enveloped virus
AKA
Naked virus |
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Definition
| A virus without an envelope |
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Term
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Definition
| A virus with a membrane around the capsid |
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Term
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Definition
Enter a host cell; bind to it
Some form of the virion / capsid / viral genome penetrates the cell
Viral capsid undergoes disassembly
Spread |
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Term
| Hypotheses of Vrius Origins |
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Definition
Coevolution
Regressive
Progressive |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses originated prior to or at the same time as the primordial cell and continue to evolve with their hosts |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses represent a form of "life" that has lost some of its essential features and has become dependent on a host |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses originated when genetic material in a cell gained functions that allowed DNA or RNA to replicate and be transmitted in a semi-autonomous fashion. |
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Term
Lytic bacteriophages
AKA Virulent |
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Definition
Viruses that replicate in the cells and lyse them when they get out.
In a lab setting, culture will turn clear when viruses are amplififed fully. |
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Term
Lysogenic bacteriophages
AKA Temperate |
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Definition
| Can replicate lytically or stay latent within the host cell in prophage form. |
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Term
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Definition
Stage where Phage exists in a nonreplication, latent stage within the host cell as the phage genome usually becomes integrated into the host cell's genome.
The phage genome is replicated along with the host cell's DNA, but transcription of genes is repressed. |
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Term
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Definition
Visible changes in cellular morphology often associated with cell damage or death.
Caused by the replication of many different animal viruses.
Can result in syncytium or in cells breaking apart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Multinucleated mass made up of fused infected cells. This sometimes occurs as a result of CPEs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A localized area of cell death |
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Term
| Differential ceintrifugation |
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Definition
| Centrifugation at a low speed to separate viruses from other debris. Viruses end up in the supernatant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Virus separation based on size and density. Ultracentrifugation in a linear gradient with a salt or sugar solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concentration of a virus preparation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist only of naked RNA; are extremely small; exhibit a great deal of internal complementarity; exhibit increased resistance to ribonucleases, enzymes that degrade RNA |
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Term
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Definition
Affect proteins
Don't seem to have DNA or RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Infect and kill only cancerous cells |
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