Term
|
Definition
| Large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks.
-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small building-block molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Specialized macro-molecules that speed up chemical reactions.
-type of protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| *Includes sugars and polymers of sugars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Single sugars
Molecular formulas that are in multiples of CH2)
Classified by
1. Location of the carbonyl group
2. Number of carbons in the carbon skeleton
Serve as fuel for cells and as raw material for building molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Polymers composed of many sugar building blocks.
-Storage and Structural roles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaacharides. This bond is called glycoaldic linkage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Starch, found in plants, consists entirely of glucose monomers.
Glycogen, found in animals, store gylcogen in the liver and muscle cells. |
|
|
Term
| Structural Polysaccharides |
|
Definition
Cellulose is a major component of the though wall of plant cells.
Chitin is found in the exoskeleton of anthropods and also provide support for the cell walls of fungi. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DO NOT form polymers
Hydrophobic
-Fats, Phospholipids, and steroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constructed from two types of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A three- carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton.
-Vary in number of carbons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (triglyceride) three fatty acids are joined to glycerol by an ester linkage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
have maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds.
Solid at room temperature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
have one o r more double bonds.
Liquid at room temperature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol.Tails are hydrophobic but its head is hydrophyilic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings.
Cholesterol found in animal cell membranes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides.
-Functions include structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Function: Selective acceleration of chemical reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Function: storage of aminoacids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Function: coordination of an organisms activites |
|
|
Term
| Contractile and Motor Protiens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Function: protection against disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Function: transport of substances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Function: response of cell to chemical stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unbranched polymers built from the same set of 20 amino acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic molecules with carboxyl and amino groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sequence of amino acids in a protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amino acid sequence of a ploypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Provides directions for its own replication
-Directs synthesis of messenger RNA and through mRNA, controls protein synthesis.
-Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one of more phosphate group.
-Portion without a phosphate group is called nucleoside. |
|
|
