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| interspecific interactions |
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Definition
| - : the key interactions that an organism will have with individuals from other species such as competition, predation, herbivory, symbiosis, & facilitation |
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| interspecific competition |
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| - -/- interaction that occurs when individ. of different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival (ex. weeds growing in a garden) |
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| - a slight reproductive advantage that will eventually lead to local elimination of the inferior competitior |
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| the sum of a species' use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environemtn is called its ecological niceh |
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| - the differentiation of the niches that aids similar species to be able to cohabit within a community |
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| - +/- interaction between species in which one species the predator kills and eats the other the prey |
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| - a morphological and physiological defense adaptation, camouflage |
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| - chemical defenses that exhibit bright colors for warning |
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| - resemblence to another species, harmless species resembles a harmful one |
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A reciprocal mimicry by two unpalatable species an unprotected species, especially of an insect, closely resembles an unpalatable or harmful species and therefore is similarly avoided by predators.
- the more unpalatable prey there are the more quickly predators learn to avoid prey with that particular appearence |
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| - +/- interaction in which an organism eats parts of a plant or algae most are invertebrates like grasshoppers and beetles |
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| - when individuals of two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another |
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| +/- : a symbiotic interaction in which one organism, the parasite, derives its nourishment from another organism, its host which is harmed in the process. |
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| - prasites that live within the body of their host such as tapeworms |
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| - parasites that feed on external surface of a host such as ticks and lice |
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| - an interspecific interaction +/+which benefits both species ex. bees pollinating flowers |
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| - +/0 interaction: in which interaction between species that benefits one of the species but does not harm the other ex: the algae that live on the shells of turtles |
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- this interaction can be both (+/+) or (0/+) it is particularly common within plant ecology for ex. when the juncus gerardi plant makes the soil more hospitalbe for other plant species
- this interaction can effect the survival and reproduction of other species w/o necessarily living in the direct and intimate contact of a sybiosis |
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| - of a community; the variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community which has 2 componenets |
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| - the number of different species in the community |
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| - the proportion of each species represents of all the individuals in the community |
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| - feeding relationships between organisms within a community |
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| - interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem |
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| - length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain |
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| - total mass of all individuals of in a population |
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| dynamic stability hypotheseis |
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| - longer food chains are less stable than short food chains |
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| - are not usually abundant in a community, they exert strong control on community structure not by numerical might but by their pivotal ecological roles, or niches |
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| - species that dramatically alter their environment, to avoid implying conscious intent for ex. beaver |
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