Term
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Definition
| a mix of differential association with elements of behaviour theory and modification, that allows for the identification of the learning process and included elements such as operant behvaiour, respondent conditioning, discriminative stimuli, and schedules of reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Criminality is the result of engaging in inappropriate behaviours exhibited by those with whom we interact. I was developed by Sutherland and is presented in nine steps. |
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Term
| What are the 9 steps of differential association? |
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Definition
1. Crime is learned.
2. Crime is learned by interacting with people through communication.
3. Learning occurs in intimate groups.
4. Learning includes techniques of committing the crime and the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes.
5. Specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of the legal codes as favorable or unfavorable.
6. Person becomes delinquent because it is favorable to violate the law than to not ciolate the law,
7. Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.
8. the process of learning criminal behaviour involves all the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning.
8. Criminal behaviour is not explained by general needs and values |
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Term
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Definition
| The process thru which an individual rationalizes, evaluates, and assigns right and wrong. |
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Term
| Differential Identification |
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Definition
| The view that people commit criminal behaviour if they believe that it will lead to acceptance and approval of these important people in their life. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement |
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Definition
| Refers to the potential rewards and punishments for committing or not committing a criminal act. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal or external factors or cues that aid an individual in determining an appropriate response to a given situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where there are behaviours that are modeled for an individual by others that might be copied by the individual. |
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Term
| What are the 4 concepts of Aker's social learning theory? |
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Definition
| Definitions, Differential association, Differential Reinforcement, and Imitation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to an individual escaping something painful such as a punishment or reprimand by committing an certain act. |
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Term
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Definition
| This helps a person justify committing a crime by making it seem that although the act itself might be wrong, under certain conditions it is all right. |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that voluntary actions and decisions made by an individual are influenced and shaped by punishments and rewards found in the external world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to an individual receiving something of value for committing a certain act. |
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Term
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Definition
| Suggests that offenders who join non-offenders in an attempt to get other offenders to change their definitions favorable to law violation, actually end up reducing their own definitions favorable to crime. |
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Term
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Definition
| the exercise by self control used by an individual to reinforce his or her own behaviour, by seeing that behaviour through the eye of another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proposes that both criminal and conforming behvaiours are acquired, maintained, or changed by the same process of interaction with others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the actual, perceived, expected, tangible, or intangible rewards or punishments conveyed upon an individual by society or a subset of society. |
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Term
| Social Structure and Social Learning Model |
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Definition
| Proposed by Akers. States that social structural factors have an indirect effect on an individual's actions thru the social learning process. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which two or more individuals share a commonly understood language or set of symbols. |
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