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Chapter 5
Study Guide
31
Environmental Studies
9th Grade
03/15/2013

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Term
The process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rocks chemical composition is called ?
Definition
weathering and erosion
Term
What is the weathering processes involving the constant freezing and thawing of water ?
Definition
frost wedging
Term
What are the processes of mechanical weathering ?
Definition
frost wedging,unloading,and biological activity
Term
When water freezes its volume
Definition
increases
Term
Which of the following is the result of chemical weathering ?
Definition
a rock has been split in two
Term
What kind of weathering would cause the writing on a marble gravestone to become harder and harder to read over time ?
Definition
chemical weathering
Term
A soils texture is determined by ?
Definition
percentage of clay,silt,and sand
Term
The main source of organic matter soil is ?
Definition
Plants
Term
A soil that is characteristic of the humid eastern United States is ?
Definition
Pedalfer
Term
A soil associated with the hot and wet tropics ?
Definition
laterite
Term
Which of the following human activities has caused an increase in soil erosion ?
Definition
farming,logging,and construction
Term
The process responsible for moving material down-slope under the influence of gravity is called ?
Definition
mass movement
Term
What is the force behind mass movement ?
Definition
gravity
Term
What is the slowest type of mass movement ?
Definition
creep
Term
What is responsible for the formation of exfoliation domes ?
Definition
unloading
Term
The gradual rounding of the corners and edges of angler blocks of rock is called ?
Definition
spheroidal weathering
Term
The process called____involves physical forces that break rock into smaller pieces ?
Definition
mechanical weathering
Term
In figure 5-2 what is the layer labeled Y composed of ?
Definition
unweathered parent material
Term
In the process of ___,water freezes and expands,enlarging cracks in rocks
Definition
frost wedging
Term
A large pile of debris that forms at the base of a slope is called ?
Definition
talus
Term
The most important agent of chemical weathering is ?
Definition
water
Term
The layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering,and covering nearly all of Earths land surface is called ?
Definition
regolith
Term
Haman activities that remove vegatation have resulted in an
Definition
increase
Term
The force that drives mass movements is
Definition
gravity
Term
List three factors that affect the rate of weathering ?
Definition
Surface Area

Rock Composition

Climate
Term
How are soils classified based on texture ?
Definition
clay,silt,and sand in soil
Term
si
Definition
Term
What are the 3 processes that break rocks into smaller pieces during mechanical weathering ?
Definition
frost wedging,unloading,and biological weathering
Term
Use figure 5-1 to determine what soil is called if it has 20% clay.,60% silt,and 20% sand
Definition
silty loan
Term
In well developed soil profile which horizon is the uppermost level ?
Definition
A horizon
Term
In figure 5-2 what is layer is labeled x ?
Definition
mineral matter mixed with some organic matter
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