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| Guides the daily waking and sleeping cycles in animals |
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| Deep sleep with slow brain waves |
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| Theta waves. Jerks and twitches of limbs. |
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| Lose consciousness. Decrease muscle activity. 50% of total sleep time. Sleep spindles - short bursts of rapid brain movement. |
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| Delta waves (slowest). Deepest level, sleepwalking/sleeptalking |
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| Quick fast eye movements and dreaming. 25% of sleep time. |
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| Succession of images, thoughts, sounds, and emotions that pass through our mind while sleeping. |
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| Pauses in breathing that last for at least 10 seconds during sleep |
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| Extreme daytime sleepiness with frequent episodes of nodding off |
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| Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep |
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| Difficult to awaken, loud screams, intense panic |
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| Manifest content of dream |
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| literal action of the dream |
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| Hidden psychological meaning |
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| Increase in the dose of a drug to produce the same effect |
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| Negative experiences that accompany reducing or stopping drug use |
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| Clocks the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the central nervous system |
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| Nicotine, Caffeine, Cocaine, Amphetamine |
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| Increase production of GABA neurotransmitter. Decreases/Inhibits activity |
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| Alcohol, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines |
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| Closely resemble endorphins |
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| Similar to the neurotransmitters serotonin and epinephrine, and they act primarily by mimicking them. |
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| Intentional reduction of stimuli affecting one or more of the five senses, with the possibility of resulting changes in consciousness. |
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| Techniques in which the individual focuses on something specific, such as an object, a word, or one’s breathing, with the goal of ignoring external distractions, focusing on one’s internal state, and achieving a state of relaxation and well-being. |
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