Term
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Definition
| the brain expects the world will present particular, species universal experiences- patterns of light and dark, various kinds of tastes and odors, language, and the like- and develops in response to those experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| development occurs in response to specific experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the cortex that is located directly behind the forehead and is important to the development of voluntary behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to move around on one's own |
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Term
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Definition
| infant's tendency to look to their caregiver for an indication of how to feel and act in unfamiliar circumstances |
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Term
| sensorimotor intelligence |
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Definition
| part of Piaget's theory that says young infants understand the world only through their own actions and perceptions; they therefore cannot think about things or people that are not immediately present, seen, heard, felt or acted upon; this changes at 18 months |
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Term
| representational thinking |
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Definition
| at 18 months of age, infants can form mental pictures or images of the world; conceptual world now rather than sensorimotor |
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Term
| primary circular reactions |
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Definition
| repetition of actions that are pleasurable in themselves |
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Term
| secondary circular reactions |
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Definition
| the behavioral characteristic of the third substage of Piaget's sensorimotor stage, in which babies repeat actions to produce interesting changes in their environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to engage in behaviors directed toward achieving a goal |
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Term
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Definition
| the understanding that objects have substance, maintain their identity when their location is changed, and ordinarily continue to exist when out of sight (starts around 8 months) |
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Term
| tertiary circular reactions |
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Definition
| the 5th stage of the sensorimotor period, characterized by the deliberate variation of action sequences to solve problems and explore the world |
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Term
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Definition
| internal, mental symbols of experience; according to Piaget, the ability to form mental symbols emerges during sensorimotor substage |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern of reacting in the object permanence task, in which infant looks for the hidden object in location A, where the infant had previously found the object, instead of location B, where the infant has just observed it being hidden |
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Term
| violation of expectations method |
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Definition
| a test of mental representation in which the child is habituated to an event and then presented with possible and impossible variants of the events |
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Term
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Definition
| opposes Piaget's theory; says that it is infant's growing abilities to better coordinate all the various systems involved in both sensorimotor and conceptual intelligence required by the task at hand |
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Term
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Definition
| recognition of what you have experienced before |
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Term
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Definition
| recall of absent objects and events without any clear reminder |
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