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Chapter 5
The Nature of Chemical Reactions
20
Science
10th Grade
10/13/2007

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Term
reactant
Definition
a substance that undergoes a chemical change
Term
product
Definition
a substance that is the result of a chemical change
Term
chemical energy
Definition
the stored energy that can be released when a substance reacts
Term
endothermic
Definition
a reaction that transfers energy to the reactants from the surroundings as heat
Term
exothermic
Definition
a reaction in which energy is transferred from the reactants as heat to the surroundings
Term
synthesis
Definition
a reaction of at least two substances that forms new, more complex substance
Term
decomposition
Definition
a reaction in which one compound breaks into at least two products
Term
electrolysis
Definition
the decomposition of a compound by an electric current
Term
combustion
Definition
a reaction in which a compound and oxygen burn
Term
single-displacement
Definition
a reaction in which atoms of one element take the place of atoms of another element in a compound
Term
double-displacement
Definition
a reaction in which a product is formed from the exchange of ions between two compounds
Term
redox
Definition
a reaction that occurs when electrons are transferred from one reactant to another
Term
radical
Definition
the fragments of molecules that have at least one electron available for bonding
Term
chemical equation
Definition
an equation that uses chemical formulas and symbols to show the reactants and products in a chemical reaction
Term
mole ratio
Definition
the smallest relative number of moles of the substance involved in a reaction
Term
catalyst
Definition
a substance that changes the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed
Term
enzyme
Definition
a protein that speeds up a specific biochemical reaction
Term
substrate
Definition
the specific substance affected by an enzyme
Term
equilibrium
Definition
the state in which a chemical reaction and its reverse occur at the same time and at the same rate
Term
Le Chatelier's principle
Definition
if a change is made to a system in chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to oppose the change until a new equilibrium is reached
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