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Chapter 5
Civil Liberties
15
Political Studies
12th Grade
12/08/2011

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Cards

Term
clear and present danger test
Definition
Law should not punish speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions.
Term
due process of law
Definition
Denies the government the right, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty, and property.
Term
equal protection of the law
Definition
A standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government.
Term
establishment clause
Definition
First Amendment ban on laws “respecting an establishment of religion.”
Term
exclusionary rule
Definition
Improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial.
Term
freedom of expression
Definition
Right of people to speak, publish, and assemble.
Term
freedom of religion
Definition
People shall be free to exercise their religion and government may not establish a religion.
Term
free exercise clause
Definition
First Amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion.
Term
good-faith exception
Definition
An error in gathering evidence sufficiently minor that the evidence may be used in a trial.
Term
incorporation
Definition
Court cases that apply the Bill of Rights to the States.
Term
libel
Definition
Writing that falsely injures another person.
Term
probable cause
Definition
Reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion.
Term
search warrant
Definition
A judge’s order authorizing a search.
Term
symbolic speech
Definition
An act that conveys a political message.
Term
wall of separation
Definition
Court ruling that government cannot be involved with religion.
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