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| ventricle (belly or pouch) |
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| to expand, period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria |
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| to contract; period in the cardial cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery |
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| thickening, loss os elasticity and calcification (hardening) of arterial walls |
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| a clot (air, fat, foreigh object, etc.) carried in the bloodstream that obstructs when it lodges (embolus = a stopper) |
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| plugging; obstruction or a closing off |
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| to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel |
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| a lack of flow thorugh a blood vessel caused by a narrowing, occlusion, etc. |
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| to stuff; a localized area of necrosis (condition of tissue death) caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel |
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| chest pain caused by a temporary loss of exygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of coronary arteries (angina - to choke) |
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| to limp; pain in a limb (especially the calf) while walking that subsides after rest; caused by inadequate blood supply |
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| an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves |
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| subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats |
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| to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve; generally a result of infection |
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| any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat |
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| slow heart rate (<60 beats per minute) |
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| chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation) |
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| extremely rapid but regular contractions of the heart (as in atrial or ventricular flutter) |
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| premature ventricular contraction |
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| a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node |
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| fast heart rate (>100 BPM) |
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| a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves |
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| a general term for disease of the heart muscle [e.g. alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol |
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| congenital anomaly of the heart |
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| malformation of the heart present at birth (congenital = born with; anomaly = irregularity) |
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| atrial septal defect (ASD) |
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| an opening in the septum separating the atria |
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| congestive heart failure (CHF) |
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| failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins causing edema in lower portions of the body |
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| coronary artery disease (CAD) |
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| a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis |
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| essential (primary) hypertension |
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| high blood pressure attributed to no single cause, but risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors |
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| high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (e.g. kidney disease) |
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| heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction_ owing to loss of blood flow (ischemia) as a result of occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually cased atherosclerosis |
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| inflammation of myocardium most often caused by viral or bacterial infection |
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| inflammation of the pericardium |
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| inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation |
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| abnormally swollen twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the veins |
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| formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occuring most often in the femoral and iliac veins |
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| a physical examination method of listening to sounds within the body with a stethoscope (e.g. ausculation of the chest for heart and lung sounds) |
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| an abnormal heart sound that mimics the gait of a horse; related to abnormal ventricular contraction |
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| electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) |
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| an electrical picture of the heart represented by positive and negative deflections on a graph labeled with the letters P, Q, R, S, and T corresponding to events of the cardiac cycle |
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| stress electro-cardiogram |
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| en ECG of the heart recorded during the induction of controlled physical exercise using a treadmill or orgometer (bicycle); useful in detecting conditions (e.g. ischemia, infarction) |
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| holter ambulatory monitor |
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| a portable electrocardiograph worn by the patient that monitors electrical activity of the heart over 24 hours; useful in detecting periodic abnormalities |
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| record obtained by an angiography (the process of x-ray imaging of a blood vessel after injection of contrast medium) |
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| introduction of a flexible narrow tube or catheter, through a vein or arteryinto the heart to withdraw samples of blood; to measure pressures within the heart chambers or vessels; and to inject contrast media for fluoroscopic radiography and cine film (motion picture) imaging of the chambers of the heart and coronary arteries. Often includes intercentional procedures such as angioplasty and atherectomy |
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| recording of sound waves through the heart to evaluate structure and motion |
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| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) |
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| grafting of a portion of a blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body (such as a length of saphenous vein from the leg or mammary artery from the chest wall) to bypass an occluded coronary artery restoring circulation to myocardial tissue |
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| replacement of a diseased heart valve with an artificial one |
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| termination of a ventricular fibrillation by delivering an electrical stimulus to the heart; most commonly done by applying electrodes of the defibrillator externally to the chest wall but can be performed internally during open heart surgeryor vian an implanted device |
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| termination of tachycardia either by pharmaceutical means or by delivery of electircal energy |
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| a device used to treat slow heart rates (bradycardia) by electrically stiumlating the heart to contract; most often implanted with lead wires and battery circuitry under the skin but can be temporarily placed externally with lead wires inserted into the heart via a vein |
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| a drug that dialates coronary arteries, restoring oxygen to the tissues to relieve the pain of angina pectoris |
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| a drug that counteracts cardiac arrhythmia |
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| a drug that prevents clotting of the blood |
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| a drug that lowers blood pressure |
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| a drug that increases the secretion of urine; commonly prescribed in treating hypertension |
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| a drug that reduces serum fat and cholesterol |
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| drus used to dissolve thrombi (blood clots) (e.g. streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator [TPA or tPA] |
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| a drug that causes a narrowing of the blood vessels decreasing blood flow |
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| a drug that causes dilation of the blood vessels increasing blood flow |
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