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Chapter 5
History of Law
39
Law
11th Grade
09/15/2010

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Term
act
Definition
A law enacted by a legislative body of Congress. The words bill and law are used synonymously with act.
Term
amendment
Definition
A modification or alteration proposed to be made to a bill on its passage or to an enacted law. Also, a modification or change.
Term
articles
Definition
A connected series of propositions; a system of rules.
Term
Bill of Rights
Definition
The ten original amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Term
breach of contract
Definition
The failure by a party to a contract to fulfill the terms of the contract in accordance with his or her promise.
Term
case law
Definition
The law as laid down in cases that have been previously decided.
Term
checks and balances
Definition
The distribution of powers of the federal government.
Term
civil law
Definition
That body of law including offenses against the individual, as distinguished from criminal law.
Term
civil wrongs
Definition
Wrongs committed by one person against another in which the victim may be entitled to damages.
Term
code
Definition
A collection of laws classified by subject matter.
Term
common law
Definition
The unwritten law, based on custom or court decision, as distinct from statute law.
Term
comparative negligence
Definition
To assign responsibility and liability for damage in direct proportion to the amount of negligence of each of the parties.
Term
constitution
Definition
The basic principles and laws that govern a nation, state, or society; a document containing such laws.
Term
contributory negligence
Definition
Negligence of the plaintiff, which, combined with negligence of the defendant, was the immediate and direct cause of the injury complained of.
Term
criminal law
Definition
That body of law characterized by or relating to a crime or an offense against the state or society.
Term
culpa lata
Definition
A Latin term defining gross negligence.
Term
culpa levis sima
Definition
A Latin term used to define slight negligence.
Term
fee simple
Definition
Absolute or unqualified title to real property.
Term
feudal system
Definition
Pertaining to a system of land tenure existing during the Middle Ages.
Term
leasehold
Definition
A tenant's interest in property as created by a lease.
Term
majority view
Definition
The majority of those votes cast on a question of law.
Term
minority view
Definition
The minority of those votes cast on a question of law.
Term
ordinance
Definition
A law passed by a municipality.
Term
plaintiff
Definition
A person who brings an action; the party who complains or sues in a personal action and is so named on the record.
Term
preamble
Definition
A clause at the begining of a constitution or statute explanatory of the reasons for its enactment and the objects sought to be accomplished.
Term
precedent
Definition
Something done or said previously that may serve as an example or that affects a decision on a similar matter today.
Term
procedural law
Definition
Law that describes the procedure for preparing a case for court, continuing it through the court, and bringing the case to a conclusion. Sometimes called adjective or descriptive law.
Term

stare decisis

Definition

A Latin term meaning to stand by a decision.

Term
statute
Definition
Law passed by the law-making body of a nation or state.
Term
statutory law
Definition
Laws enacted by Congress or the state legislatures.
Term
substantive law
Definition
The great body of law that states the rights and obligations of all persons and the law practiced by attorneys.
Term
Talmad
Definition
A work that embodies the civil and religious law of the Jewish people.
Term
Torah
Definition
Basis of the Jewish law system.
Term
tort
Definition
An injury or wrong committed to the person, property, or reputation of another.
Term
United States Code
Definition
The systematic body of laws of the U.S. government.
Term
United States Constitution
Definition
The supreme law of the United States. A written instrument agreed on by the people of the Union as the absolute rule.
Term
unwritten law
Definition
Law not committed to writing at its origin, but originated in custom, as the common law of England.
Term
weight of the authority
Definition
The balance of authority to support on side of the issue rather than the other.
Term
written law
Definition
Those laws committed to print or writing.
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