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| instrument to measure pressure |
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| arteriosclerotic heart disease |
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| coronary artery bypass graft |
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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| myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency |
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| premature ventricular contraction |
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| weakness in wall of artery resulting in localized widening of artery; |
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| condition of severe chest pain with sensation of constriction around heart; caused by deficiency of oxygen to heart muscle |
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| irregularity in heartbeat; comes in many different forms; some are not serious, while others are life threatening |
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| thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of walls of arteries; often due to atherosclerosis |
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| most common form of arteriosclerosis; caused by formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol on inner walls of arteries |
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| process of listening to sounds within body by using stethoscope |
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| complete stopping of heart activity |
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| branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of cardio vascular system; physician is cardiologist |
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| disease of myocardium; can be caused by alcohol abuse, parasites, viral infection, and congestive heart failure; one of most common reasons for heart transplant |
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| flexible tube inserted into body for purpose of moving fluids into or out of body; in cardiovascular system catheter is used to place dye into blood vessels so they may be visualized on X-rays |
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| hole, present at birth, in septum between two heart chambers; results in mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; |
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| congestive heart failure (CHF) |
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| pathological condition of heart in which there is reduced outflow of blood from left side of heart because left ventricle myocardium has become too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema |
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| coronary artery disease (CAD) |
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| insufficient blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of one or more coronary arteries; |
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| inflammation of lining of heart; |
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| extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; if occurs in ventricles, cardiac arrest and death can occur; emergency equipment to defibrillate, or convert heart to normal beat, is necessary |
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| arrhythmia in which atria beat too rapidly, but in a regular pattern |
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| blood pressure above normal range |
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| decrease in blood pressure; can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches |
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| area of tissue within an organ that undergoes necrosis (death) following the loss of its blood supply |
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| localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction to circulation |
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| abnormal heart sound such as soft blowing sound or harsh click; |
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| myocardial infarction (MI) |
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| condition caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; symptoms include angina pectoris; delay in treatment could result in death; also called heart attack |
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| inflammation of muscle layer of heart |
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| sudden drop in blood pressure person experiences when standing up suddenly |
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| pounding, racing heartbeats |
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| inflammation of pericardial sac around heart |
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| peripheral vascular disease (PVD) |
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| any abnormal condition affecting blood vessels outside heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, numbness, and loss of circulation and pulses |
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| yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in artery that are hallmark of atherosclerosis |
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| to flow backwards; in cardiovascular system refers to backflow of blood through valve |
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| instrument for measuring blood pressure; also referred to as blood pressure cuff |
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| stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel or duct to widen lumen |
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| instrument for listening to body sounds (auscultation), |
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| inflammation of vein resulting in formation of blood clots within vein |
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| blood clot forming within blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel |
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| swollen and distended veins, usually in legs |
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| X-rays taken after injection of opaque material into blood vessel; performed on aorta as an angiogram, on heart as angiocardiogram, and on brain as cerebral angiogram |
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| passage of thin catheter through blood vessel leading to heart; to detect abnormalities, to collect cardiac blood samples, and to determine the blood pressure within heart |
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| blood test to determine level of enzymes specific to heart muscles in blood; increase in enzymes may indicate heart muscle damage such as myocardial infarction |
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| patient given radioactive thallium intravenously and then scanning equipment is used to visualize heart; especially useful in determining myocardial damage |
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
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| procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air to lungs for person in cardiac arrest; combination of chest compressions (to push blood out of heart) and artificial respiration (to blow air into lungs) |
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| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) |
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| open-heart surgery in which blood vessel from another location in body (often leg vein) is grafted to route blood around blocked coronary artery |
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| procedure that converts serious irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, by giving electric shocks to heart using instrument called defibrillator; also called cardioversion. |
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| heart rhythm; particularly useful for persons who experience ventricular fibrillation |
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| measurement of sound-wave echoes as they bounce off tissues and organs to produce an image; in this system, used to measure velocity of blood moving through blood vessels to look for blood clots or deep vein thromboses |
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| noninvasive diagnostic method using ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures; |
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| electrocardiography (ECG, EKG) |
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| record of electrical activity of heart; diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm and heart muscle (myocardium) damage |
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| removal of embolus from blood vessel |
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| replacement of diseased or malfunctioning heart with donor’s heart |
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| portable ECG monitor worn by a patient for period of few hours to few days to assess heart and pulse activity as person goes through activities of daily living; to assess patient |
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| intracoronary artery stent |
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| placing of stent within coronary artery to treat coronary ischemia due to atherosclerosis |
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| surgical treatment for varicose veins; damaged vein is tied off (ligation) and removed (stripping) |
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| implantation electrical device that substitutes for natural pacemaker of heart; controls beating of the heart by a series of rhythmic electrical impulses; |
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| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) |
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| method for treating localized coronary artery narrowing; balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery and inflated to dilate narrow blood vessel |
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| method for evaluating cardiovascular fitness; patient placed on treadmill or bicycle and then subjected to steadily increasing levels of work; EKG and oxygen levels are taken while the patient exercises; stopped if abnormalities occur on the EKG; also called exercise test or treadmill test |
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| reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias |
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| prevent blood clot formation |
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| reduces amount of cholesterol and lipids in bloodstream; treats hyperlipidemia |
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| increases urine production by kidneys, works to reduce plasma and therefore blood volume resulting in lower blood pressure |
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| dissolves existing blood clots |
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| contracts smooth muscle in walls of blood vessels; raises blood pressure |
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| relaxes smooth muscle in walls of arteries, thereby increasing diameter of blood vessel; used for two main purposes: increasing circulation to ischemic area and reducing blood pressure |
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